{
 "jurisdiction_id": "CY",
 "jurisdiction": "Cyprus",
 "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-17",
 "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 7,
  "sourced_findings": 23,
  "source_register": 19
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "crypto_licensing",
   "name": "Crypto Licensing",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing",
   "standing_position": "Cyprus operates under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA) as its primary crypto framework. ESMA's list of competent authorities designates CySEC as the Title V authorisation authority for CASPs, with the Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC) sharing Title IV responsibilities and non-credit-institution CASPs falling to CySEC. A national grandfathering period under MiCA Art.143(3) allows pre-MiCA VASP registrants to continue operating until authorised or refused, or until the EU-wide 1 July 2026 backstop, whichever is sooner. CySEC has since granted a wave of MiCA CASP authorisations (Revolut, eToro, Taurus-adjacent MiFID licensing) confirming the regime is operative.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "token_classification",
   "name": "Token Classification",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#token-classification-token-classification",
   "standing_position": "Cyprus follows MiCA's tripartite crypto-asset taxonomy (asset-referenced tokens, e-money tokens, and other crypto-assets including utility tokens and NFTs), applied uniformly under CySEC/CBC supervision. A CY-specific Joint ESAs consumer factsheet confirms EMT redemption rights and NFT non-fungibility treatment as applied in the Cypriot market context.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "on_chain_activity_regime",
   "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime",
   "standing_position": "MiCA as applied in Cyprus does not create a bespoke licensing category for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, or node/validator operation; these remain either unregulated or captured only incidentally where a CASP bundles them as an ancillary service under its Title V authorisation (e.g., Revolut's Cyprus-licensed entity marketing zero-fee staking). EBA/ESMA joint MiCAR Article 142 analysis flags DeFi, lending/borrowing and staking business models as emerging-risk areas without dedicated rules.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "stablecoin_regime",
   "name": "Stablecoin Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime",
   "standing_position": "The Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC) is designated alongside CySEC for MiCA Title IV (ART/EMT issuance) responsibilities, with CySEC handling non-credit-institution authorisation and CBC handling credit institutions/EMIs. CBC has separately indicated (via the ESMA market-abuse guidelines compliance table) that it intends to comply with Title VI market-abuse guidelines for EMIs/PIs only by 30 September 2026, citing no current express intention of regulated entities to begin related activities — this compliance date is prospective/not-yet-effective and should be read as a CAUTION-flagged, pre-live position rather than a settled in-force requirement.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "consumer_protection",
   "name": "Consumer Protection",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection",
   "standing_position": "MiCA-derived consumer-protection duties (marketing fairness, custody segregation, complaint handling, risk disclosure) apply to CY-licensed CASPs. However, an ESMA peer review specifically targeting CySEC found Cyprus had the highest level of outgoing cross-border activity and complaint volume among six reviewed NCAs, with supervisory shortcomings in monitoring aggressive marketing of speculative products — prompting the first-ever Article 16 ESMA recommendations issued to a national competent authority.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "tax_treatment",
   "name": "Tax Treatment",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment",
   "standing_position": "No CY-specific Inland Revenue Department circular or CySEC/Ministry of Finance guidance on the taxation of crypto-asset gains, income, or VAT treatment was located in this research pass. Cyprus's general capital gains tax law (adopted 2002) is historically scoped to disposals of Cyprus immovable property and shares in companies holding such property; whether or how it extends to crypto-asset disposals has not been confirmed by a primary tax-authority source in this pass. This module is emitted amber pending primary-source escalation.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "cross_border_transfer",
   "name": "Cross-Border Transfer",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/cyprus/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer",
   "standing_position": "Cyprus-based CASPs are subject to EU Regulation 2023/1113 (the crypto Travel Rule), which extends FATF-style originator/beneficiary information requirements to crypto-asset transfers and treats EMTs as crypto-assets for this purpose. MiCA authorisation obtained via CySEC additionally passports Cypriot CASPs to operate across all EEA states without additional national cross-border restriction.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}