{
 "jurisdiction_id": "KE",
 "jurisdiction": "Kenya",
 "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-17",
 "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 8,
  "sourced_findings": 20,
  "source_register": 7
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "crypto_licensing",
   "name": "Crypto Licensing",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing",
   "standing_position": "Kenya's Virtual Asset Service Providers Act entered into force on 4 November 2025, creating a statutory licensing regime for VASPs jointly supervised by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and the Capital Markets Authority (CMA). Implementing operational rules (the '2026 Regulations') remain in draft form, having been opened for public comment via a CBK/CMA multi-agency task force; core licensing mechanics (eligible applicant types, application turnaround, license validity period) are therefore still subject to change pending finalization.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "token_classification",
   "name": "Token Classification",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#token-classification-token-classification",
   "standing_position": "Kenya's framework does not yet operate a MiCA-style multi-category token taxonomy. The VASP Act 2025 and draft 2026 Regulations use a broad 'virtual asset' definition, expanded in the draft to explicitly capture tokens representing real-world assets, plus a broadened 'issuer' definition and a distinct stablecoin/reserve-backed sub-regime under CBK.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "on_chain_activity_regime",
   "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime",
   "standing_position": "No sector-specific operating rules for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node/validator activity, or discrete tokenization mechanics have been identified in the VASP Act 2025 or the draft 2026 Regulations beyond the broadened general 'virtual asset' definition covering real-world-asset-representative tokens. This is a genuine coverage gap in currently available primary/secondary sourcing rather than a confirmed exemption.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "stablecoin_regime",
   "name": "Stablecoin Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime",
   "standing_position": "The most developed component of Kenya's forthcoming VASP framework concerns stablecoins. Draft 2026 Regulations (CAUTION: pre-final, subject to public-comment revision) would impose segregated-reserve backing, restricted eligible-asset composition, and periodic IT-security audit requirements on stablecoin issuers, with CBK as the prudential lead and CMA co-involved via the joint task force.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "consumer_protection",
   "name": "Consumer Protection",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection",
   "standing_position": "Publicly available secondary reporting on the VASP Act 2025 and draft 2026 Regulations discloses limited detail on retail consumer-protection mechanics. The clearest identified provisions relate to mandatory local banking relationships and periodic technical/security audits; explicit marketing-restriction, suitability/appropriateness, and complaint-handling rules for retail VASP customers have not been located in available sourcing.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "tax_treatment",
   "name": "Tax Treatment",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment",
   "standing_position": "Kenya's crypto-specific tax treatment history is unsettled in available sourcing: a 2022 Capital Markets (Amendment) Bill proposed capital-gains taxation plus CMA disclosure of crypto holdings, and the 2023 Finance Bill separately proposed a 3% tax on digital-asset transfers based on gross fair market value at exchange. Neither proposal's current enactment/rate status as of August 2026 could be confirmed in the sources reviewed. Separately, the draft 2026 VASP Regulations introduce new regulatory transaction fees (not general tax-code provisions) tied to token issuance and initial virtual asset offerings.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "cross_border_transfer",
   "name": "Cross-Border Transfer",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer",
   "standing_position": "No explicit cross-border transfer, outbound-restriction, or Travel-Rule cross-border threshold specific to VASPs has been located in the VASP Act 2025 or draft 2026 Regulations text reviewed. The clearest cross-border-adjacent provision is a domestic-banking-localization requirement (mandatory Kenya bank account for VASPs), which constrains fund custody location rather than setting a formal cross-border transfer rule. Formal Travel Rule implementation is expected to align with Kenya's FATF grey-listing remediation, which sits under the FIM aml_ctf baseline.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "aml_cft_regime",
   "name": "AML/CFT Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/kenya/#aml-cft-regime-aml-cft-regime",
   "standing_position": "This module is subscribed from the Financial Integrity Module (FIM) aml_ctf baseline; crypto-consumer research does not independently source AML/CFT claims here. Disambiguation context only: Kenya's VASP Act 2025 was developed substantially in response to the FATF's February 2024 grey-listing citing AML/CFT deficiencies, and the CBK/CMA joint task force is incorporating Travel Rule and CDD design elements into the pending 2026 Regulations; full AML/CFT claim ownership sits with FIM, not this crypto baseline.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}