{
 "jurisdiction_id": "MO",
 "jurisdiction": "Macau SAR",
 "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-17",
 "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 8,
  "sourced_findings": 9,
  "source_register": 6
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "crypto_licensing",
   "name": "Crypto Licensing",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing",
   "standing_position": "Macau (MSAR) has no comprehensive licensing regime for crypto-asset businesses or virtual-asset service providers. The only concrete AMCM action on record is a 2017 notice barring AMCM-supervised banks and payment institutions from servicing token issuances (ICOs) and virtual currencies. General financial licensing under the Macau Financial System Act (FSAM) applies only if a crypto-related activity independently falls within an existing regulated banking, payment, or insurance function; there is no crypto-specific license category or registration pathway. Macau's separate 'one country, two systems' status means mainland China's blanket PBOC crypto-trading prohibition does not automatically apply here, but no affirmative licensing route has replaced it either.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "token_classification",
   "name": "Token Classification",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#token-classification-token-classification",
   "standing_position": "AMCM has issued no token-classification taxonomy distinguishing security tokens, e-money tokens, asset-referenced tokens, utility tokens, stablecoins, or NFTs. The 2017 notice uses the generic terms 'tokens' and 'virtual currencies' solely to scope a bank/payment-institution restriction, not to establish a classification framework. This is a genuine regulatory gap rather than a jurisdiction-with-no-analog situation, since neighbouring Hong Kong and mainland China both maintain classification approaches AMCM has not mirrored.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "on_chain_activity_regime",
   "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime",
   "standing_position": "No AMCM instrument addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Macau's economy and regulatory attention remain concentrated on banking, insurance, and its separately-regulated gaming/junket sector; on-chain activity has not been the subject of AMCM rulemaking or guidance identified in this pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "stablecoin_regime",
   "name": "Stablecoin Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime",
   "standing_position": "AMCM has not established a stablecoin issuance-authorisation, reserve, redemption, disclosure, or systemic-designation regime comparable to MiCA's ART/EMT framework or Hong Kong's stablecoin licensing ordinance. Separately, Macau has explored central bank digital currency (digital pataca) feasibility with support from mainland China's central bank; this is a CBDC feasibility study, not a private stablecoin authorisation regime, and must not be conflated with the latter.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "consumer_protection",
   "name": "Consumer Protection",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection",
   "standing_position": "AMCM's crypto-related consumer protection posture consists of cautionary public statements/circulars warning of crypto-asset risk, without binding marketing restrictions, custody-segregation rules, complaint-handling regimes, or suitability/appropriateness tests specific to crypto-assets. This mirrors the seed's characterization of AMCM guidance as risk-warning in nature rather than a comprehensive consumer-protection framework.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "tax_treatment",
   "name": "Tax Treatment",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment",
   "standing_position": "No AMCM or Macau Finance Bureau (DSF) guidance specific to the tax treatment of crypto-asset gains, income, VAT/GST-equivalent consumption tax, withholding, or reporting obligations was identified in this pass. Macau's general tax system (Complementary Tax on corporate profits, Professional Tax on employment income) has not been shown to have been extended with explicit crypto-asset guidance; this is recorded as a research gap rather than a confirmed exemption.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "cross_border_transfer",
   "name": "Cross-Border Transfer",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer",
   "standing_position": "No Macau-specific crypto cross-border transfer rule (outbound restriction, sanctions nexus, reporting threshold, or cross-border travel rule) was identified beyond the 2017 AMCM restriction on regulated banks and payment institutions servicing ICOs/virtual currencies, which has an indirect cross-border effect by closing the regulated banking rail to token issuance. No crypto-specific reporting threshold or Travel Rule cross-border implementation has been confirmed for Macau in this pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "aml_cft_regime",
   "name": "AML/CFT Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/macau-sar/#aml-cft-regime-aml-cft-regime",
   "standing_position": "Crypto AML/CFT obligations are subscribed from the FIM aml_ctf module and are intentionally out of scope for this crypto baseline per fleet doctrine. For context only: Macau, China is an APG member and was subject to a joint APG/GIFCS mutual evaluation covering AML/CFT measures generally (on-site visit November-December 2016, report adopted July 2017); that evaluation did not specifically assess virtual-asset service provider supervision. No AML/CFT claims are produced here.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}