{ "jurisdiction_id": "MM", "jurisdiction": "Myanmar", "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/", "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0", "date_modified": "2026-08-17", "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0", "counts": { "modules": 8, "sourced_findings": 13, "source_register": 8 }, "modules": [ { "code": "crypto_licensing", "name": "Crypto Licensing", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing", "standing_position": "No licensing regime exists for crypto businesses in Myanmar. The Central Bank of Myanmar (CBM) issued a public cryptocurrency notice on 3 May 2019 restricting cryptocurrency use, and a secondary-source report indicates CBM declared all digital currencies illegal in May 2020. This sits within a broader post-2021 foreign-exchange and currency-control lockdown; enforcement capacity is materially shaped by ongoing political instability rather than a mature, purpose-built licensing apparatus. No VASP registration, notification, or licensing pathway has been identified.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "token_classification", "name": "Token Classification", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#token-classification-token-classification", "standing_position": "Myanmar has not published a domestic token-classification taxonomy distinguishing security tokens, e-money tokens, stablecoins, utility tokens, or NFTs. CBM's public advisory on crypto assets discusses the topic descriptively (citing how other countries treat digital currencies as property or leave them unregulated) without adopting a comparable domestic classification.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "on_chain_activity_regime", "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime", "standing_position": "No CBM framework addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX activity, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. The only documented on-chain activity connected to Myanmar is run by the non-state, CBM-unrecognized 'shadow' National Unity Government (NUG), which operates outside CBM's authority and outside any Myanmar statutory on-chain regime.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "stablecoin_regime", "name": "Stablecoin Regime", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime", "standing_position": "CBM has not authorised, and has no framework for, stablecoin issuance, reserve requirements, redemption rights, disclosure, or systemic designation. Politically notable but legally distinct: Myanmar's non-state, CBM-unrecognized shadow National Unity Government (NUG) purported to adopt Tether (USDT) as its 'official currency' at the end of 2021 as an act of defiance against the military administration — this is a political act by an unrecognized entity, not a CBM-sanctioned stablecoin regime, and must not be read as conferring any issuance authorisation or redemption right under Myanmar law.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "consumer_protection", "name": "Consumer Protection", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection", "standing_position": "CBM has issued a public advisory (undated, referencing recent CBDC research context) warning the public against buying, selling, transferring, or storing crypto assets not authorised by CBM, citing extreme price volatility, weak regulatory oversight, online-security breaches, and hacking risk, and directing the public to use only bank channels for legitimate currency transfers. This functions as an investor-warning / risk-disclosure measure rather than a comprehensive statutory consumer-protection regime (no custody-segregation, complaint-handling, or suitability rules identified).", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "tax_treatment", "name": "Tax Treatment", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment", "standing_position": "No Myanmar tax statute, Internal Revenue Department circular, or CBM guidance specifically addressing the tax treatment (capital gains, income tax, VAT/GST, withholding, or reporting obligations) of cryptocurrency transactions has been identified. Given CBM's blanket prohibition stance on crypto use for transactions, no fiscal guidance appears to have been developed, and this remains an open research gap.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "cross_border_transfer", "name": "Cross-Border Transfer", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer", "standing_position": "Myanmar has no crypto-specific cross-border transfer framework; cross-border exposure is instead governed by (a) the general CBM/Foreign Exchange Management Law regime restricting dealing in foreign currencies without a licence, tightened amid post-2021 currency-control instability, and (b) international sanctions/AML enforcement actions targeting Myanmar-based crypto scam networks, including OFAC's September 2025 sanctions on entities in the Shwe Kokko region and Myanmar's continued FATF high-risk 'Call for Action' listing.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "aml_cft_regime", "name": "AML/CFT Regime", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/myanmar/#aml-cft-regime-aml-cft-regime", "standing_position": "This module is subscribed from the FIM aml_ctf baseline per fleet module-subscription rules; no aml_cft_regime claims are produced in this crypto DR baseline to avoid duplication. Disambiguation context only: Myanmar remains a FATF-identified high-risk jurisdiction subject to a Call for Action, which is the operative AML/CFT context for any crypto-adjacent flows, but the substantive AML/CFT claims live in the FIM module, not here.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] } ] }