{
 "jurisdiction_id": "RS",
 "jurisdiction": "Serbia",
 "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-17",
 "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 8,
  "sourced_findings": 36,
  "source_register": 16
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "crypto_licensing",
   "name": "Crypto Licensing",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing",
   "standing_position": "Serbia operates a comprehensive, in-force licensing statute for digital assets — the Law on Digital Assets (RS Official Gazette No 153/2020), applied since June 2021 — that splits supervisory competence between the National Bank of Serbia (virtual currencies) and the Securities Commission (digital tokens characterised as securities). This places Serbia genuinely ahead of most Western Balkan EU-candidate peers, though full MiCA alignment remains a future candidacy-linked step, not current law.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "token_classification",
   "name": "Token Classification",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#token-classification-token-classification",
   "standing_position": "The Law on Digital Assets recognises two statutory categories — virtual currencies and digital tokens — plus a residual 'hybrid' category with joint NBS/Securities Commission competence. Digital tokens with the features of a financial instrument are conditionally exempt from capital-markets registration below an EUR 3,000,000/12-month issuance threshold. MiCA-aligned categories (ART, EMT) and NFT-specific treatment are not separately codified in the material reviewed.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "on_chain_activity_regime",
   "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime",
   "standing_position": "The Law on Digital Assets regulates digital-token issuance and secondary trading (a form of tokenization) and expressly excludes mining from its licensing scope. No statutory provisions addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation or validator activity were identified in the primary law or secondary NBS/Securities Commission decisions reviewed in this pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "stablecoin_regime",
   "name": "Stablecoin Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime",
   "standing_position": "Serbia has no MiCA-style dedicated stablecoin regime (no ART/EMT distinctions, reserve-asset rules, redemption-right provisions, or systemic-designation mechanism). The closest operative instrument is the general digital-token white-paper issuance-authorisation and disclosure regime administered by the Securities Commission, which would apply to any stablecoin-type token issued in Serbia absent a bespoke category.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "consumer_protection",
   "name": "Consumer Protection",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection",
   "standing_position": "Consumer protection is delivered mainly through mandatory white-paper risk disclosure, advertising restrictions on unapproved-white-paper assets, and record-keeping requirements for providers holding user money or virtual currencies. The NBS also issues periodic public risk-warning advisories against investing in virtual currencies. No dedicated statutory complaint-handling or suitability/appropriateness-assessment regime for retail digital-asset customers was identified.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "tax_treatment",
   "name": "Tax Treatment",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment",
   "standing_position": "A crypto-specific tax framework (rates, capital-gains mechanics, income characterisation for mining/staking, VAT/withholding treatment) was not independently confirmed against a Tier-1 Serbian tax-law source in this research pass. A regulatory reporting obligation for certain virtual-currency holdings to the NBS exists and is adjacent to, but distinct from, tax-return reporting. Escalation to primary Ministry of Finance / Tax Administration sources is recommended before publication of specific rate claims.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "cross_border_transfer",
   "name": "Cross-Border Transfer",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer",
   "standing_position": "Serbia restricts foreign digital-asset service providers from targeting Serbian residents absent local incorporation and NBS licensing, functioning as a de facto market-entry/cross-border-service barrier. No dedicated cross-border digital-asset transfer reporting threshold, sanctions-nexus rule, or travel-rule cross-border mechanism distinct from the general AML framework (owned by the FIM aml_ctf module) was identified in this research pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "aml_cft_regime",
   "name": "AML/CFT Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/serbia/#aml-cft-regime-aml-cft-regime",
   "standing_position": "Crypto AML/CFT obligations are consumed via the fleet's FIM aml_ctf module rather than produced in this crypto baseline. For disambiguation context only: Serbia's Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing designates virtual-currency and digital-asset service providers as obliged entities, and Serbia underwent a MONEYVAL/FATF mutual evaluation with on-site visit in May 2025. No aml_cft_regime claims are produced in this baseline per the subscription reminder.",
   "findings": []
  }
 ]
}