{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-CA",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – California",
 "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-17",
 "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 7,
  "sourced_findings": 28,
  "source_register": 15
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "crypto_licensing",
   "name": "Crypto Licensing",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing",
   "standing_position": "California regulates crypto business activity through two overlapping tracks administered by the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI): the bespoke Digital Financial Assets Law (DFAL, enacted via AB 39) creating a dedicated license for 'digital financial asset business activity', and the pre-existing California Money Transmission Act (MTA) under which many exchanges have historically operated. Public company disclosures as of early 2026 still frame DFAL licensure as a forward-looking compliance step, indicating the regime is in a live but still-maturing implementation phase.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "token_classification",
   "name": "Token Classification",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#token-classification-token-classification",
   "standing_position": "Token classification affecting California is driven primarily by federal law: the SEC's March 2026 interpretive release establishes a taxonomy of digital commodities, digital collectibles, digital tools, stablecoins, and digital securities, while the GENIUS Act carves payment stablecoins out of the securities definition. Layered on top, California's DFPI has its own state-securities-law enforcement history (notably the pending Coinbase staking action) that treats certain staking-reward programs as potential securities offerings under state law.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "on_chain_activity_regime",
   "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime",
   "standing_position": "On-chain activity in California is shaped by federal SEC guidance on protocol mining and protocol staking (clarifying when these activities fall outside investment-contract analysis) alongside DFPI's unresolved state-securities enforcement theory against staking-as-a-service programs. No California-specific statutory regime for DeFi lending, DEX operation, or tokenization was identified this pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "stablecoin_regime",
   "name": "Stablecoin Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime",
   "standing_position": "Stablecoin regulation applicable in California is set almost entirely at the federal level via the GENIUS Act, which restricts payment stablecoin issuance to permitted issuers, mandates 100% reserve backing, redemption rights, and monthly disclosures, with AML/sanctions compliance implemented through pending FinCEN/OFAC rulemaking. No independent California state stablecoin-issuer licensing track beyond DFAL's general licensing was confirmed this pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "consumer_protection",
   "name": "Consumer Protection",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection",
   "standing_position": "California consumer protection for crypto is anchored in DFAL's examination, recordkeeping and fee-disclosure requirements for licensees, a dedicated crypto-kiosk regulatory law, and AB 1052/SB 822's protection of unclaimed crypto assets from forced liquidation. Federally, FinCEN advisories on convertible virtual currency (CVC) kiosk fraud reinforce state-level consumer risk disclosure concerns.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "tax_treatment",
   "name": "Tax Treatment",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment",
   "standing_position": "California's tax treatment of crypto follows the federal IRS property-characterization framework via general state conformity: crypto sales and exchanges are taxable events, and new IRS Form 1099-DA broker reporting (effective for 2025 transactions, filed by February 2026) extends cost-basis and proceeds reporting to crypto brokers nationally. No California-specific virtual-currency sales/use tax exemption statute or FTB-specific guidance was located this pass.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "cross_border_transfer",
   "name": "Cross-Border Transfer",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-california/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer",
   "standing_position": "Cross-border crypto transfer controls affecting California operate almost entirely through federal law: OFAC sanctions and FinCEN BSA/AML obligations apply uniformly nationwide, and the GENIUS Act extends BSA/AML and sanctions compliance program duties to permitted payment stablecoin issuers via a pending joint FinCEN/OFAC rulemaking. No California-specific outbound capital-control restriction was identified.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}