{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-ND",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – North Dakota",
 "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-17",
 "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 7,
  "sourced_findings": 20,
  "source_register": 10
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "crypto_licensing",
   "name": "Crypto Licensing",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota has no bespoke crypto-asset licensing statute. Crypto exchange, custody, and money-transmission businesses fall under the state's general Money Transmitters Act, administered via NMLS. In 2025, North Dakota enacted House Bill 1447, which specifically extends money-transmitter licensing obligations to virtual-currency kiosk (crypto ATM) operators, adding fraud-warning, blockchain-analytics, quarterly-reporting and compliance-officer requirements. Federal token-as-security/commodity characterization (SEC/CFTC) governs separately from state MTL licensing, which addresses money-transmission conduct only.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "token_classification",
   "name": "Token Classification",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#token-classification-token-classification",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota has no independent state-level token classification regime; classification follows federal law. On March 17, 2026, the SEC and CFTC jointly issued an interpretive release establishing a five-category token taxonomy (digital commodities, digital collectibles, digital tools, stablecoins, digital securities) that governs nationally, including in North Dakota. Payment stablecoins are separately governed by the federal GENIUS Act (signed July 18, 2025).",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "on_chain_activity_regime",
   "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota has no state-specific statute governing staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validator activity. The Bank of North Dakota — the only state-owned bank in the U.S. — is preparing to issue its own stablecoin ('Roughrider Coin') via a partnership with Fiserv, targeting 2026 launch, which will touch on-chain issuance/settlement activity at the state-institution level. Federal SEC/CFTC interpretive guidance (March 2026) also clarifies that protocol staking activities do not, of themselves, involve the offer and sale of a security, which is directly relevant to on-chain activity nationally including ND-based participants.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "stablecoin_regime",
   "name": "Stablecoin Regime",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime",
   "standing_position": "Stablecoin issuance in the U.S., including North Dakota, is governed by the federal GENIUS Act (signed July 18, 2025), which sets reserve, redemption, disclosure and licensing/supervisory requirements for payment stablecoin issuers, with implementing regulations still being finalized by OCC, Federal Reserve, FDIC, NCUA and Treasury (missing the July 18, 2026 rulemaking deadline). At the state level, the Bank of North Dakota is preparing to issue its own 'Roughrider Coin' stablecoin via Fiserv, positioning North Dakota among early state-level stablecoin issuers alongside Wyoming.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "consumer_protection",
   "name": "Consumer Protection",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota consumer protection for crypto activity is concentrated in the crypto-kiosk-specific fraud-warning and disclosure requirements of House Bill 1447, alongside the state securities regulator's enforcement history of cease-and-desist actions against fraudulent ICO/token offerings targeting North Dakota residents. No general crypto-custody segregation or suitability regime specific to ND was identified beyond the kiosk law and federal securities anti-fraud provisions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "tax_treatment",
   "name": "Tax Treatment",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota follows federal tax treatment of cryptocurrency as property for income tax purposes, with no ND-specific crypto tax statute identified. The IRS treats cryptocurrency as property, making sales and exchanges taxable events subject to capital gains rules, and has ruled that staking rewards constitute gross income at fair market value upon the taxpayer gaining dominion and control. New federal broker-reporting rules (1099-DA-style regimes) are increasing crypto tax compliance enforcement nationally.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "cross_border_transfer",
   "name": "Cross-Border Transfer",
   "confidence": null,
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer",
   "standing_position": "No North Dakota-specific cross-border crypto transfer restrictions were identified; cross-border crypto transfers are governed by federal sanctions screening and BSA/FinCEN rules (subscribed via FIM aml_ctf, out of scope for this baseline) that apply uniformly across all U.S. states, including North Dakota. The GENIUS Act separately imposes BSA and U.S. sanctions compliance obligations on payment stablecoin issuers, which include North Dakota-domiciled or -licensed entities.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": null,
     "source": null,
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}