{ "jurisdiction_id": "VE", "jurisdiction": "Venezuela", "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/", "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0", "date_modified": "2026-08-17", "schema_version": "crypto-v2.0.0", "counts": { "modules": 8, "sourced_findings": 17, "source_register": 15 }, "modules": [ { "code": "crypto_licensing", "name": "Crypto Licensing", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#crypto-licensing-crypto-licensing", "standing_position": "Venezuela's formal crypto licensing regime derives from the 2019 Constituent Decree on the Integral System of Crypto Assets, which created SUNACRIP (now styled Superintendencia Nacional de Criptoactivos y Actividades Conexas) as the licensing and registration authority for exchanges, miners and other crypto service providers. SUNACRIP's website continues to describe itself as the regulator of natural and legal persons active in the 'Sistema Integral de Criptoactivos' and states exchanges require state licensing ('Casas de Intercambio') and miners require registration/licensing via its Intendencia de Minería Digital. However, the institution was restructured amid a March 2023 corruption scandal in which officials were found to have embezzled billions of dollars via irregular PDVSA oil sales, and reporting indicates the crypto regulator's activity and public-facing output has been irregular since. Following the January 2026 U.S. capture of former President Nicolás Maduro and his transport to the U.S. for prosecution, the political authority underpinning SUNACRIP is itself in flux, so licensing claims below should be treated as textually in-force but operationally uncertain.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "token_classification", "name": "Token Classification", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#token-classification-token-classification", "standing_position": "Venezuela's principal statutorily-defined token was the Petro (PTR), a state-issued, oil-reserve-referenced digital currency launched in 2018 under a Constituent Decree approved by the Asamblea Nacional Constituyente for use in national financial activity. The Petro was discontinued as of January 15, 2024, with the government's Patria Platform displaying a shutdown notice and remaining balances converted to bolívares. No successor statutory taxonomy distinguishing security tokens, e-money tokens, asset-referenced tokens, utility tokens or NFTs has been identified in current force; the 2019 Decree uses the generic umbrella term 'criptoactivos' without granular sub-classification.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "on_chain_activity_regime", "name": "On-Chain Activity Regime", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#on-chain-activity-regime-on-chain-activity-regime", "standing_position": "Digital mining is the only on-chain activity category with an identified specific regulatory treatment: SUNACRIP's Intendencia de Minería Digital plans, coordinates, promotes and executes digital mining activity, issuing licenses and certificates for importing, exporting, developing and profiting from mining equipment/operations nationally. Historical reporting also describes a mandatory National Digital Mining Pool through which all mining activity had to be channeled, though current operability of that pool post-2023 restructuring is unverified. No specific staking, DeFi lending, DEX, node-operation or validator-specific regime has been identified in force.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "stablecoin_regime", "name": "Stablecoin Regime", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#stablecoin-regime-stablecoin-regime", "standing_position": "Venezuela's only stablecoin-adjacent instrument was the Petro, a state-issued token nominally referenced to oil reserves and authorized directly by the executive/ANC rather than through an independent issuance-authorization process resembling e-money/ART frameworks elsewhere. The Petro was discontinued on January 15, 2024. U.S. Executive Order 13827 (March 19, 2018) separately prohibits U.S. persons from any transactions, financing or other dealings in any digital currency, coin or token issued by or for the Government of Venezuela, including the Petro — a prohibition that as a matter of U.S. law remains on the books irrespective of the Petro's domestic discontinuation. No current domestic reserve, redemption or disclosure regime for privately issued stablecoins has been identified.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "consumer_protection", "name": "Consumer Protection", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#consumer-protection-consumer-protection", "standing_position": "The 2019 Decree and SUNACRIP's exchange-licensing framework are stated to exist in part to provide 'the necessary safeguard of user rights' by requiring licensed intermediation of crypto-fiat operations. Beyond this general statement, no specific marketing-restriction, custody-segregation, complaint-handling or suitability regime tailored to crypto consumers has been identified, and the practical enforceability of even the stated safeguard is doubtful given SUNACRIP's post-2023 institutional disruption.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "tax_treatment", "name": "Tax Treatment", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#tax-treatment-tax-treatment", "standing_position": "No crypto-specific capital gains, income tax, VAT/GST, withholding or reporting-obligation rule issued by SENIAT (Venezuela's national tax administration) has been located in this research pass. General tax administration context (SENIAT's role in income tax and VAT enforcement) is documented, but no crypto-specific SENIAT circular, resolution or gazette instrument was found; this module is emitted with an explicit gap rather than a fabricated obligation.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "cross_border_transfer", "name": "Cross-Border Transfer", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#cross-border-transfer-cross-border-transfer", "standing_position": "Cross-border crypto activity involving Venezuela is dominated by the U.S. sanctions regime rather than by domestic Venezuelan law. U.S. Executive Order 13827 (March 19, 2018) prohibits U.S. persons from any transactions in digital currency, coin or token issued by or for the Government of Venezuela, including the Petro. Following the January 3, 2026 U.S. military capture and transport of former President Nicolás Maduro to the U.S. for prosecution on drug-trafficking and related charges (Operation Absolute Resolve), the sanctions landscape began shifting: OFAC issued General Licenses 60 and 57 in 2026, and on July 27, 2026 FinCEN issued a statement of enforcement policy supporting economic recovery and earthquake-relief efforts in Venezuela, signaling a partial, still-evolving normalization of financial-institution engagement. Venezuela also remains on the FATF list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring as of February 13, 2026, reflecting unresolved strategic AML/CFT/proliferation-financing deficiencies with direct bearing on cross-border risk screening.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "aml_cft_regime", "name": "AML/CFT Regime", "confidence": null, "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://cryptoassets.gi/jurisdictions/venezuela/#aml-cft-regime-aml-cft-regime", "standing_position": "Crypto AML/CFT obligations are subscribed from the FIM module and are not produced as baseline claims in this evidence set per module-subscription doctrine. For disambiguation context only: Venezuela's CFATF Mutual Evaluation identifies SUNACRIP as the supervisory authority for the virtual-assets sector for AML/CFT purposes, working alongside SUDEBAN, SUDEASEG, the Central Bank of Venezuela and the UNIF (financial intelligence unit); Venezuela remains on the FATF list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring as of February 13, 2026.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": null, "source": null, "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] } ] }