JID=EC denotes the supra-national European Union / European Commission regulatory level (distinct from individual Member-State transpositions). Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA) establishes a harmonised EU-wide licensing regime for crypto-asset service providers (CASPs). The Article 143 grandfathering/transitional regime, which allowed pre-MiCA nationally-authorised firms to keep operating, expired on 1 July 2026; unauthorised CASPs are now in breach of EU law and must wind down.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
MiCA distinguishes three categories of crypto-asset: electronic money tokens (EMTs), asset-referenced tokens (ARTs), and other crypto-assets (including utility tokens). Unique, non-fungible NFTs are generally excluded from scope unless issued as part of a fungible series or collection. EBA runs a formal procedure to designate 'significant' ARTs/EMTs subject to enhanced (EBA-led) prudential supervision.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
MiCA does not create a bespoke licensing regime for DeFi protocols, staking-as-a-service, or crypto lending/borrowing that operate without an issuer or CASP. EBA and ESMA's Article 142 MiCAR joint report analysed DeFi adoption, staking business models and associated risks (ICT, ML/TF, consumer protection) but made no policy recommendations, leaving the appropriate regulatory treatment of these activities an open question pending the Commission's ongoing MiCA review.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
MiCA Titles III (ARTs) and IV (EMTs) impose issuance authorisation, reserve-of-assets, redemption-right, disclosure (white paper) and 'significant token' designation requirements on stablecoin issuers, supervised jointly by the EBA (for significant ARTs/EMTs) and national competent authorities. The European Commission opened a 2026 consultation reviewing whether MiCA needs updating for multi-jurisdictional stablecoin issuance, reserve treatment and competitiveness versus frameworks such as the US GENIUS Act.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
MiCA imposes fair/clear/non-misleading marketing-communication duties (Arts 29, 66), pre-publication white-paper requirements before marketing, complaint-handling and custody-segregation obligations on issuers and CASPs. ESMA's 2025 non-binding knowledge-and-competence guidelines set staff-suitability expectations, and the ESAs jointly warn consumers that legal protections may be limited depending on the crypto-asset/provider involved. Strict reverse-solicitation limits restrict non-EU ('third-country') firms from marketing into the EU without a MiCA licence.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8) extends the EU's mandatory automatic exchange-of-information framework to crypto-asset service providers, applying from 1 January 2026 and requiring collection/reporting of user tax IDs and transaction data to national tax authorities, aligned with the OECD Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF). DAC8 is a cross-border reporting/administrative-cooperation regime; it does not itself harmonise substantive capital-gains, income-tax or VAT treatment of crypto-assets, which remains predominantly Member-State competence.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (6)
T?source not recordedM5bindingin force
T?source not recordedM5bindingin force
T?source not recordedM4bindingin force
T?source not recordedM3bindingenacted not yet effective
Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 (the 'Transfer of Funds/Crypto-assets Regulation') extends FATF Travel Rule information requirements to crypto-asset transfers where at least one CASP is EU-established, and imposes internal-control obligations to implement restrictive/sanctions measures. The EBA's Travel Rule Guidelines specify the originator/beneficiary data CASPs must collect and transmit. (AML/CFT supervisory-scope material connected to these transfers is captured here only as disambiguation context; substantive AML/CFT claims are out of scope for this crypto baseline, which subscribes to the FIM aml_ctf module.)
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (5)
T?source not recordedM5bindingin force
T?source not recordedM4bindingin force
T?source not recordedM4bindingin force
T?source not recordedM3bindingin force
T?source not recordedM3bindingin force
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