Russia is mid-transition from a fragmented DFA-only licensing regime under Federal Law 259-FZ to a comprehensive crypto market law ('On Digital Currency and Digital Rights') passed by the State Duma on 21 July 2026 and approved by the Federation Council on 24 July 2026, with most provisions taking effect 1 September 2026. The new law restricts crypto exchange operation to entities in a Bank of Russia registry, with a transitional grace period for unregistered incumbents until 1 July 2027. Implementing rules (organized-trading and digital-depository capital requirements) remain in draft/public-assessment stage as of late July 2026.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (4)
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Russian law draws a binding distinction between 'digital financial assets' (DFA, issued via registered information-system operators, akin to security-token instruments) and 'digital currency' (decentralised crypto-assets such as bitcoin, treated as property, not currency). The 2026 crypto market law newly recognises 'digital currencies and stablecoins' as monetary/foreign-currency-type assets that may be traded but not used for domestic payment. No MiCA-style ART/EMT taxonomy exists; privacy-preserving tokens are excluded from the tradeable list.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (4)
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Mining is the only on-chain activity with a mature, in-force legal basis: registered legal entities/individual entrepreneurs may mine, while unregistered individuals may only run rigs under government-set energy-consumption limits. The 2026 comprehensive law further folds mining into the overall digital-asset regime. Staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation and validator activity have no dedicated statutory treatment identified as of this run; tokenization is addressed only indirectly through the DFA issuance framework.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (4)
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Russia has no finalized domestic stablecoin issuance-authorization regime. The 2026 crypto market law newly classifies 'digital currencies and stablecoins' as tradeable monetary assets barred from domestic payment use, but does not itself establish reserve, redemption, or disclosure standards for stablecoin issuers. The Bank of Russia is separately studying the feasibility of a national stablecoin to supplement (not replace) the digital ruble CBDC for cross-border settlement, while treating domestic stablecoin use as a low priority. The ruble-pegged stablecoin A7A5 — tied to sanctioned bank Promsvyazbank and issued out of Kyrgyzstan — operates as a sanctions-evasion-adjacent cross-border settlement tool but is reported to remain unusable inside Russia pending finalized domestic stablecoin rules.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (4)
T?source not recordedM4bindingenacted not yet effective
The 2026 crypto market law introduces tiered retail-protection mechanics: non-qualified investors face an annual purchase cap (~300,000 rubles, ~$3,800) per licensed intermediary and mandatory risk-awareness testing; qualified investors face knowledge testing but no cap (other than a privacy-coin ban). The law also grants judicial protection to digital-currency holders and bans advertising/promotion of crypto payments. The Bank of Russia separately issues public risk warnings on volatility and sanctions exposure.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (5)
T?source not recordedM4bindingenacted not yet effective
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Digital currency has been treated as property for tax purposes since the law effective 1 January 2021, with a reporting threshold for annual transactions. A 2024 tax package (in force) set income tax on crypto mining/trading at up to 15% (13% for Russian companies, 15% for foreign entities) and exempted crypto issuance/mining from VAT. The 2026 crypto market law adds mandatory tax-reporting requirements for crypto purchased abroad and repatriated to licensed domestic platforms.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (5)
T?source not recordedM4bindingin force
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Russia operates a narrow, central-bank-gated exception permitting crypto use in foreign-trade settlements (originally an experimental regime from 2024, now folded into the 2026 comprehensive law), even while domestic crypto payments remain banned. Simultaneously, the EU's 20th and 21st sanctions packages (2026) impose an EU-side sectoral ban on Russian/Belarusian crypto-asset service providers and DeFi platforms and specifically target the A7A5 ruble-pegged stablecoin ecosystem, materially constraining Russia-linked cross-border crypto flows from the counterparty side.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (4)
T?source not recordedM4bindingin force
T?source not recordedM4bindingenacted not yet effective
Crypto AML/CFT obligations for JID=RU are consumed via the FIM 'aml_ctf' module and are NOT duplicated as claims in this baseline per the module-subscription rule. For disambiguation only: digital currency is recognized as 'Property' for AML/CFT purposes under Federal Law No. 115-FZ, and DFA service providers are supervised by the Bank of Russia for AML/CFT compliance on a risk-based basis; however, as of the underlying secondary-source review, dedicated licensing/registration specifically for 'digital currency service providers' (as opposed to DFA providers) had not yet been legislated, per the cited FATF/EAG follow-up assessment.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
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