Indonesia's crypto licensing regime is mid-transition: statutory authority for crypto asset supervision moved from the commodities regulator Bappebti to the financial-services regulator OJK under Law No. 4 of 2023 (P2SK Law), effective January 2025. Exchanges previously licensed as Physical Crypto Asset Traders (PFAK) under Bappebti's 2019 rules and the Commodity Futures Exchange (CFX) registration regime continue to operate while OJK builds out its own sandbox-based licensing mechanism. Crypto's use as a means of payment remains prohibited.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Crypto assets in Indonesia remain formally classified as commodities pending full completion of the OJK transition, with market and regulator commentary indicating a likely reclassification toward financial instruments/securities-adjacent treatment. No dedicated statutory sub-classification yet exists for NFTs or for stablecoins as a distinct token category.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
On-chain activity regulation in Indonesia is limited and largely incidental to exchange-level licensing. Some OJK/Bappebti-supervised exchanges offer staking and futures products under their existing licenses, and crypto mining has been targeted with specific, escalating tax treatment. No dedicated regulatory framework yet addresses DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation, or validator activity as distinct on-chain categories.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Indonesia has no comprehensive, dedicated stablecoin regulatory framework analogous to the EU's MiCA e-money-token/asset-referenced-token regime. Stablecoins are treated as an undifferentiated subset of general crypto assets under OJK's evolving digital financial asset statistics and supervision, with no distinct issuance authorisation, reserve requirement, redemption right, disclosure, or systemic-designation regime identified.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Consumer protection for crypto in Indonesia currently centers on two documented pillars: a strict prohibition on financial institutions marketing or facilitating crypto trading, and OJK's regulatory sandbox mechanism, explicitly framed around consumer protection and fraud prevention as it absorbs supervisory authority from Bappebti.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Indonesia significantly revised its crypto tax framework effective 1 August 2025: domestic-exchange seller income tax rose from 0.1% to 0.21%, tax on sales via foreign/overseas exchanges rose from 0.2% to 1%, VAT on crypto buyer purchases was eliminated, and mining VAT rose from 1.1% to 2.2%. A special 0.1% mining income tax rate is reported to be phased out during 2026 in favor of standard personal/corporate tax rates. Exchanges also remit a small transaction fee to the national crypto bourse for record-keeping/tax-tracking purposes.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (4)
T?source not recordedM5bindingin force
T?source not recordedM4bindingin force
T?source not recordedM3bindingenacted not yet effective
Indonesia's principal documented cross-border-transfer control for crypto is fiscal rather than a dedicated transfer-restriction regime: transactions routed through foreign/overseas exchanges are taxed at a materially higher seller rate (1% vs 0.21% domestic) as of August 2025. No additional statutory outbound restriction, sanctions-nexus rule, or crypto-specific cross-border travel-rule regime distinct from Indonesia's general FATF-aligned AML/CFT framework (owned by the FIM aml_ctf module) was identified.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
AML/CFT obligations for Indonesian VASPs (customer due diligence, travel rule, suspicious-transaction reporting, sanctions screening, record-keeping, risk assessment) are governed under Indonesia's general FATF-aligned AML Law No. 8 of 2010 and PPATK/OJK/Bappebti joint regulations. This module is intentionally left claim-empty here: crypto AML/CFT content is owned by the FIM aml_ctf module per fleet subscription rules, and is not duplicated in this baseline. FATF's 2025 Follow-Up Report notes Indonesia remains in enhanced follow-up with several Recommendations rated only partially compliant, including gaps specific to VASP supervision (enforcement limited to written warnings) — captured here strictly as disambiguation context.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
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