Uruguay brought virtual-asset service providers (VASPs) within the Banco Central del Uruguay (BCU) regulatory perimeter via Ley N.º 20.345 (19 September 2024), which amended Article 37 of the BCU's Carta Orgánica (Ley N.º 16.696) to add 'los proveedores de servicios sobre activos virtuales' (literal H) and 'los emisores de activos virtuales estables' (literal C) as entities regulated and supervised by the Superintendencia de Servicios Financieros (SSF). The implementing regulation specifying registration/licensing mechanics — distinguishing Proveedores de Servicios de Activos Virtuales Financieros (PSAVF) from Proveedores de Servicios de Activos Virtuales No Financieros (PSAVNF) — was published for public consultation on 21 August 2025 with comments due by 19 September 2025; its final, in-force text has not been independently confirmed as of the research date. A separate BCU Board proposal (Resolución D/248/2025, 11 August 2025) sent to the Ministry of Economy and Finance seeks further legislative expansion of the regulatory perimeter. Prior to the 2024 law, BCU/SSF explicitly stated that crypto intermediation activity was not regulated by the Central Bank.
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BCU's non-binding 'Marco conceptual para el tratamiento de Activos Virtuales' categorizes virtual assets by economic substance into: AV de Seguridad (security-like, potentially falling under existing securities law Art. 13 Ley 18.627), AV de Utilidad (utility, no issuance authorization required), AV Estable (stable, treated analogously to electronic-money issuance), and AV de Intercambio (exchange-type, e.g. Bitcoin/Ether, no issuance authorization required). Separately, Ley N.º 20.345 gives binding legal effect to the inclusion of 'emisores de activos virtuales estables' (stablecoin issuers) within the BCU/SSF perimeter.
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No BCU or other Uruguayan regulator publication was identified that specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as discrete regulated on-chain activities. The regulatory perimeter established by Ley N.º 20.345 and the PSAV draft regulation is framed around service-provider intermediation (exchange, transfer, custody, administration) rather than protocol-level on-chain activity categories.
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Ley N.º 20.345 explicitly brought 'emisores de activos virtuales estables' within the BCU/SSF regulatory perimeter (Article 37, literal C, as amended). BCU's non-binding conceptual framework further describes stable-virtual-asset issuers as analogous to electronic-money issuers: holders obtain rights over any backing reserve assets, and the issuer commits to honour redemption requests. No dedicated reserve-requirement, disclosure, or systemic-designation rule specific to stablecoins beyond this e-money analogy was located, and the binding implementing regulation for stablecoin issuers (distinct from the PSAV consultation) was not confirmed as finalized.
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The August 2025 draft PSAV regulation differentiates the regulatory and supervisory focus by provider type: PSAVF (financial virtual-asset providers) are proposed to be subject to both consumer-protection rules and AML/CFT/proliferation-financing rules, whereas PSAVNF (non-financial virtual-asset providers) are proposed to be subject only to AML/CFT/proliferation-financing rules. Separately, BCU's 2021 public communique issued non-binding risk-disclosure recommendations to users and the general public regarding virtual-asset volatility, custody risk, and counterparty risk, noting financial institutions are not obliged to process virtual-asset transactions.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
No crypto-specific tax instrument (IRAE, IRPF, VAT/IVA, withholding, or crypto-specific reporting obligation) issued by Uruguay's Dirección General Impositiva (DGI) or Ministry of Economy and Finance was located during this research pass. Uruguay's general source-based tax system (Uruguayan-source income rules under IRAE/IRPF) would presumptively apply to crypto-derived income under general principles, but no primary source confirming specific application to virtual assets was found.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
No Uruguay-specific crypto cross-border transfer restriction, sanctions nexus rule, reporting threshold, or crypto travel-rule cross-border regime was identified in this research pass. Uruguay generally maintains open capital-account policy, but no primary source was located confirming or denying a crypto-specific cross-border control regime distinct from the general VASP perimeter established by Ley N.º 20.345.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Crypto AML/CFT obligations for Uruguay are covered under the shared Financial Integrity Module (FIM) 'aml_ctf' subscription and are intentionally NOT reproduced as claims in this crypto baseline per fleet doctrine. Contextually, the draft PSAV regulation (August 2025 consultation) applies AML/CFT/proliferation-financing obligations to both PSAVF and PSAVNF providers, and Ley N.º 20.345 situates VASPs within the SSF's supervisory perimeter, which historically has included AML/CFT control functions for regulated financial entities.
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No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
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