Greece implements the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) directly as an EU Regulation, with national implementing measures enacted via Law 5193/2025 on the Enhancement of the Capital Market, which assigns MiCAR competences to the Hellenic Capital Market Commission (HCMC) and the Bank of Greece. HCMC is the notified National Competent Authority for MiCAR Titles II and VI (white papers/offers and market abuse), while the Bank of Greece is the prudential supervisor and licensing authority for credit institutions, e-money institutions and payment institutions seeking to issue ARTs/EMTs or operate as CASPs. The pre-MiCA transitional (grandfathering) regime under Article 143(3) MiCA ended 1 July 2026, and Greece's most prominent applicant (Binance) withdrew its HCMC licence application shortly before that deadline amid reported regulatory concerns, illustrating live implementation friction.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Greece applies the MiCAR taxonomy directly: asset-referenced tokens (ARTs), e-money tokens (EMTs), and 'other' crypto-assets (utility tokens) are distinguished per Titles III, IV and II respectively. Crypto-assets qualifying as MiFID II financial instruments, deposits, funds, insurance/pension products or securitisation positions fall outside MiCAR scope entirely and remain subject to existing Greek securities/banking law administered by HCMC/Bank of Greece. NFTs are excluded from MiCAR scope under specified conditions (uniqueness/non-fungibility tests), though ESMA guidance flags that misclassified 'NFT-like' fractionalised or serially-issued items may fall back into scope.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
MiCAR does not create a bespoke licensing category for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation or standalone validation; these activities are regulated only insofar as they are performed as a CASP-defined service (e.g., custody, execution, exchange) requiring HCMC/Bank of Greece authorisation. Pure protocol-level mining, node operation and non-custodial DeFi/DEX protocols currently fall outside MiCAR's direct licensing perimeter at EU level, and no Greece-specific supplementary regime for these activities has been identified.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Stablecoin (ART/EMT) issuance in Greece is governed by MiCAR Titles III and IV, in force since 30 June 2024, with the Bank of Greece as the competent prudential authority for authorising and supervising credit institutions, e-money institutions and payment institutions issuing ARTs/EMTs, including imposing administrative penalties for breaches. Euro-denominated stablecoin issuance has picked up since early 2025 following MiCAR regulatory clarity, though USD-denominated stablecoins continue to dominate the broader EU market.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
CASPs operating in Greece under MiCAR Title V must provide clients with information that is fair, clear and not misleading, including in marketing communications, and must meet knowledge-and-competence standards for staff providing crypto-asset advice per ESMA Guidelines. Custody and administration of crypto-assets on behalf of clients is a distinct regulated CASP service subject to HCMC/Bank of Greece oversight. Cross-border transfer service guidelines (Article 82 MiCA) impose liability and procedural obligations on CASPs providing transfer services to Greek clients.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
No dedicated Greek statute specifically taxing cryptocurrency capital gains or income has been identified as of this research pass; general Greek income tax code provisions are presumed to apply by default to crypto disposals, but a confirmed rate/treatment could not be verified from available sources and requires primary-source escalation to the Greek Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE). Separately, at EU level, amendments to the Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC8/CARF) extend automatic exchange of information to crypto-asset transactions, which Greece as an EU Member State is obliged to transpose, though confirmation of Greek transposition status was not found in this pass.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
Sources and findings (2)
T?source not recordedM3non-binding
T?source not recordedM4bindingenacted not yet effective
As an EU/EEA Member State operating under MiCAR, Greece imposes no domestic outbound restriction on crypto-asset transfers within the EU passporting framework; a MiCA-authorised CASP in any Member State (including Greece via HCMC) may in principle offer services across all 27 EU Member States. Cross-border crypto-asset transfers are subject to Regulation (EU) 2023/1113's travel-rule requirements, obliging CASPs to attach originator/beneficiary information to transfers and retain such records, with suspicious-activity flagging to the Financial Intelligence Unit as a disambiguation-only AML nexus (out of scope for this baseline's aml_cft_regime module).
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
AML/CFT obligations for crypto-asset service providers are addressed under the Financial Integrity Module (FIM) consumer subscription and are out of scope for this crypto baseline. For disambiguation purposes only: pre-MiCA Greek VASP registration operated under AMLD5-derived national law with FIU oversight; under MiCAR's transition, registration under the AML/CFT framework alone (not MiCA authorisation) does not qualify an entity for the simplified Article 143(6) authorisation procedure. EBA AML/CFT powers transferred toward the EU Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) framework at the end of 2025.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
No periodic updates recorded against this sub-brief.
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