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Mozambique
MZschema crypto-v2.0.0trajectory: not yet assessedunregulated gapoverlaps: FIM, WPM
Last updated · 8 categories · 12 sourced
findings · 13 sources in the cumulative register
8Categoriesbaseline.
12Findings.claims[]
6Tier-1 sourcesrun_metadata.t1_source_count
Confidence mix(sums to 8 rendered categories; click to filter)
No categories moved this cycle.
Jurisdiction lead brief
Standing brief, as of 25 August 2026.
Lead Signal
Mozambique's virtual-asset oversight is nominally in place but functionally unverified this cycle. Banco de Moçambique requires registration before offering virtual-asset services under Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023, conferring a unique identification number in a centralised state register. Critically, the Aviso does not issue a standalone VASP licence document; the regime is register-based rather than licence-based. No crypto exchanges operating in or targeting Mozambique have been publicly confirmed as licensed or registered under this regime as of mid-2026, though this negative finding is sourced from commercial-advisory commentary rather than the official register itself, so it should be read as unverified rather than affirmatively zero.
Other Developments
No other modules carried material content this cycle; token classification, on-chain activity regime, stablecoin regime, consumer protection, tax treatment, and cross-border transfer all remain in their standing null-cycle state with no new evidence surfacing.
Cross-Monitor Connections
Mozambique's VASP registration-only posture under Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023 is directly relevant to the Financial Integrity Monitor's AML/CFT coverage, which separately assesses Banco de Moçambique's designated VASP-supervisory role; this composer output does not re-analyse that AML/CFT dimension, which is a subscribed slot supplied by financial-integrity. The absence of confirmed registered exchanges is also relevant to World Payments Monitor coverage of Mozambique's broader payments-innovation environment, though no crypto-specific payment-corridor finding was identified this cycle.
Outlook
Watch for direct retrieval of Banco de Moçambique's official VASP register or the primary Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023 text, either of which would resolve whether any entities have completed registration to date. Also watch for whether Mozambique's 2018 public risk-warning stance on cryptocurrency has been updated, and whether the general absence of a token-classification, stablecoin-specific, or on-chain-activity regime persists into the next cycle.
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Mozambique has no comprehensive crypto-asset licensing statute or dedicated VASP framework. The Bank of Mozambique's (BM) foreign exchange licensing regime treats real-time trading of cryptocurrencies on foreign-domiciled virtual platforms as unauthorized and at the trader's own risk, while explicitly stating that domestic promotion/intermediation of such activity via Mozambique-registered domains does not itself trigger a BM authorization requirement. No crypto-specific registration, licensing, or exemption category exists.
Standing sub-brief · as of 25 August 2026204 words · last cycle 2026-10-18
Crypto Licensing
Mozambique's virtual-asset licensing framework is anchored in Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023, which requires entities to register with Banco de Moçambique before offering virtual-asset services. Registration confers a unique identification number within a centralised state register, but the regime is explicitly register-based rather than licence-based: no standalone VASP licence document is issued to registrants. This is a high-confidence finding, though sourced from a single T3 commercial-advisory publication rather than the primary Aviso text itself.
As of mid-2026, no crypto exchanges operating in or targeting Mozambique have been publicly confirmed as licensed or registered under this regime. This negative finding is assessed-confidence and sourced from commercial-advisory commentary (T4) rather than the official state register, meaning the actual registration uptake among market participants remains unverified rather than affirmatively zero. Banco de Moçambique's supervisory posture is therefore best characterised as amber: a functioning legal basis for oversight exists, but there is no visible evidence of it having been operationalised against named market participants.
Outlook
Watch for direct retrieval of Banco de Moçambique's official VASP register or the primary Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023 text, either of which would resolve whether any entities have completed registration to date, and for any enforcement or public-facing update to the regime's registration-only structure.
Periodic update · new data 2026-10-18
Crypto Licensing
Banco de Moçambique's Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023, de 14 de Setembro requires providers of virtual-asset services to register with the central bank. This was confirmed via the Bank's own normativos listing page, which carries the instrument's title: 'Requisitos para o Registo de Prestadores de Serviços de Activos Virtuais' (Requirements for the Registration of Virtual Asset Service Providers). The confirmation of this instrument's existence corrects a prior caution flag suggesting no virtual-asset-service-provider framework existed in Mozambique; the accurate position is that a registration gateway does exist, administered by Banco de Moçambique, though it is a registration regime rather than a full licensing regime.
The substantive content of the Aviso — including any minimum capital requirement, ownership restriction, fit-and-proper test, or ongoing reporting obligation attaching to registered virtual-asset-service providers — was not independently retrieved this period; only the instrument's title and existence were confirmed via the regulator's own site. This leaves a material gap between what is known (a registration duty exists, administered by the central bank) and what remains unconfirmed (the specific conditions and ongoing obligations that registration entails). Other sources reviewed this period, outside the Bank's own materials, describe Banco de Moçambique's broader posture as one focused on financial inclusion through mobile-money regulation rather than crypto-specific frameworks, and note that the Bank has previously stated it neither regulates nor monitors Bitcoin transactions because cryptocurrency is not issued by a central authority — observations that describe the backdrop against which the 2023 registration requirement sits, though they predate or sit alongside it rather than displacing it.
No enforcement action, penalty schedule, or registered-provider count under Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023 has been identified in the evidence available this period. The registration requirement is treated here as in force, dated to its 14 September 2023 publication, with the caveat that its full substantive scope remains to be confirmed against the primary instrument text.
Outlook
The principal item to watch for this module is retrieval of the full text of Aviso n.º 4/GBM/2023, which would allow confirmation of the specific capital, ownership, fit-and-proper and ongoing-reporting conditions attaching to virtual-asset-service-provider registration. Until that confirmation is available, Mozambique's crypto-licensing posture should be read as a confirmed registration gateway of unconfirmed depth, rather than either an absence of regulation or a comprehensive licensing regime.
1 further periodic run re-emitted the standing brief unchanged and is not shown.
Sources and findings (3)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — Mozambique has no comprehensive crypto-asset licensing statute or dedicated VASP framework; the Bank of Mozambique has not established authorization categories specific to virtual asset service providers.retrieved M5non-bindinga fact about the regime
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — Real-time trading of cryptocurrencies and other assets on virtual platforms whose domains are not registered in Mozambique proceeds at the risk of the person undertaking it, per Bank of Mozambique foreign exchange licensing guidance.retrieved M5bindingin force
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — Undertaking crypto-asset business activity in Mozambican national territory through Mozambique-registered domains (promotion, customer gathering, intermediation, or negotiation) does not require Bank of Mozambique authorization under current law.retrieved M4bindingin force
Mozambican law provides no taxonomy distinguishing security tokens, e-money tokens, asset-referenced tokens, stablecoins, utility tokens, or NFTs. Bank of Mozambique communications refer to crypto-assets generically as 'cryptocurrencies' without a legal classification schema.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (1)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — Mozambican law and Bank of Mozambique guidance do not provide a taxonomy distinguishing security tokens, e-money tokens, asset-referenced tokens, stablecoins, utility tokens, or NFTs; crypto-assets are referred to generically as 'cryptocurrencies'.retrieved M3non-bindinga fact about the regime
No Mozambican law or Bank of Mozambique regulation specifically addresses on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization. This is an unaddressed regulatory gap rather than a prohibition.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (1)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — No Mozambican law or Bank of Mozambique regulation specifically addresses on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization.retrieved M3non-bindinga fact about the regime
No stablecoin-specific issuance authorisation, reserve requirement, redemption right, disclosure, or systemic-designation regime exists under Mozambican law. Bank of Mozambique's cautionary statements treat all crypto-assets, including stablecoins, generically as non-legal-tender virtual assets outside any dedicated framework.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (1)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — No stablecoin-specific issuance authorisation, reserve requirement, redemption right, disclosure, or systemic-designation regime exists under Mozambican law; stablecoins are treated as generic, non-legal-tender crypto-assets.retrieved M3non-bindinga fact about the regime
Banco de Moçambique operates a general financial consumer protection and market-conduct framework (Notice No. 9/GBM/2020) covering credit institutions, financial companies, and other BM-supervised entities, but this does not extend to unlicensed crypto-asset platforms. BM's cautionary statement that crypto trading on foreign virtual platforms is undertaken 'at the risk of those who practice it' functions as the de facto consumer risk disclosure for crypto-assets.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (2)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — The Bank of Mozambique publicly states that real-time trading of cryptocurrencies on virtual platforms not domiciled in Mozambique is undertaken entirely at the risk of the person practicing it, functioning as the primary consumer-risk disclosure regarding crypto-assets.retrieved M4bindingin force
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — General financial consumer complaint-handling procedures administered by Banco de Moçambique under Notice No. 9/GBM/2020 apply only to credit institutions, financial companies, and other BM-supervised entities, and do not extend to unlicensed crypto-asset platforms.retrieved M3bindingin force
No crypto-asset-specific tax legislation or guidance has been located from Mozambican tax authorities. General provisions on capital gains, income tax, VAT, and withholding have not been confirmed to extend explicitly to crypto-asset transactions.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (1)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — No crypto-asset-specific capital gains, income tax, VAT/GST, withholding, or reporting-obligation guidance has been issued by Mozambican tax authorities; existing general tax law has not been confirmed to extend explicitly to crypto-asset transactions.retrieved M4non-bindingour coverage gap, expected to resolve on a re-run
Cross-border crypto-asset flows are addressed only indirectly through Mozambique's general foreign exchange and capital-control framework. The current Foreign Exchange Law (Law No. 28/2022, of December 29, which replaced the former Law No. 11/2009, of March 11) empowers Banco de Moçambique to monitor capital operations and combat capital flight, but no crypto-specific outbound restriction, sanctions-nexus, reporting-threshold, or cross-border travel-rule provision has been enacted.
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (2)
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — Mozambique's Foreign Exchange Law (Law No. 28/2022, of December 29, replacing the former Foreign Exchange Law No. 11/2009) empowers the Bank of Mozambique to monitor and control capital operations to prevent capital flight, and this general framework may apply to cross-border crypto-asset transfers, though no crypto-specific provision has been enacted.retrieved M4bindingin force
T1 · Banco de MoçambiqueBanco de Moçambique — Bank of Mozambique's foreign exchange control regime imposes declaration and repatriation duties on natural and legal persons regarding foreign-exchange assets and revenue, which could potentially encompass proceeds from cross-border crypto-asset transactions, though this has not been confirmed as applied to crypto specifically.retrieved M3bindingin force
Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.
no periodic updates on record for this sub-brief
Sources and findings (1)
T4Mozambique crypto sector — No sourced commercial crypto-sector event for Mozambique was found within the 2025-10-11-to-date window.M1non-binding
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Editorial metadata for Mozambique
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Envelope: baseline resolved at jurisdiction_json.baseline; 8 module(s), 12 finding(s), 13 source(s) in the cumulative register.
Audit trail
Machine checkChallenged on 6 Oct 2026: nothing tested (no claim on this page was eligible for an automated test). An automated, adversarial test run by a second model; no person has assessed the result.