Cryptoassets Regulatory Intelligence

SC Crypto & Digital Asset Regulation

SC schema crypto-v2.0.0 trajectory: not yet assessed in transition overlaps: Sentinel (AML/CFT)

Last updated · 8 categories · 23 sourced findings · 16 sources in the cumulative register

Evidence re-verified: ·Position last changed: ·
Record history & provenance ▾

Methodology & record provenance: Module confidence is derived from the underlying claims (source tier and primary excerpt retention), while statutory legal force is tracked independently.

Review status: AI-synthesised · Tier-1/2 verified · As-of date: 2026-10-26

Framework postureIn transition8 of 9 modules populated · AI-synthesised · Tier-1/2 verified
Lead supervisory authorityFATFPrimary statutory & supervisory perimeter
Next milestone (> 2026-10-26)None scheduledNo dated future statutory milestone on record
Module coverage & confidence8 / 9 modules assessed0 Confirmed · 8 Probable · 0 Uncertain · 1 Not yet assessed

Jurisdiction lead brief

Standing brief, as of 25 October 2026.

Lead Signal

The Financial Services Authority continued an active and escalating enforcement cycle against virtual-asset service providers operating in or from Seychelles this period, recording the withdrawal of a Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024 licence application by Stratos Tech Limited, trading as Tradu, on 23 October 2026. This latest entry joins a sequence of enforcement outcomes stretching back through the year: the FSA's rejection of Bitfinity Ltd's application, trading as BitexBit, on 11 August 2026 after finding the company had operated as an unlicensed virtual asset service provider since before the Act existed, following an earlier cease-and-desist order dated 30 October 2025; and the FSA's public identification on 26 May 2026 of MX Global Ltd, the Seychelles-registered entity behind the MEXC exchange, as operating without the required licence.

Key regulatory facts for SC
Regulatory DimensionSC Standing Position
JurisdictionSC (SC)
Regulatory ScopeCrypto & Digital Asset Regulation (8 modules, 23 sourced findings)
Crypto LicensingVirtual asset services in Seychelles are governed by the Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024, with the FSA as sole licensing/supervisory authority.
Token ClassificationSeychelles has no comprehensive statutory taxonomy for crypto-assets.
On-Chain Activity RegimeThe only on-chain activity with an identified statutory basis is tokenisation of securities via MERJ Dep./Upstream under the Securities Act 2007.
Stablecoin RegimeNo Seychelles statute or FSA framework analogous to an asset-referenced-token/e-money-token regime (e.g.
Primary Instruments CitedFATF, U.S. SEC EDGAR (filer disclosure), The Block, CoinDesk, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Last Confirmed / Updated2026-11-04 (16 sources in cumulative register)

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Virtual asset services in Seychelles are governed by the Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024, with the FSA as sole licensing/supervisory authority. Within this cycle's window, the FSA rejected a VASP application and warned of a forged VASP licence, continuing an active enforcement pattern.

Open gap — crypto-int-1Gazetted text of the VASP Act's implementing regulations (capital, custody-segregation, prudential provisions) was not located this cycle; only secondary FSA/Appleby commentary summarises the draft.no under-indexing note recorded
Standing sub-brief · as of 25 October 2026 655 words · last cycle 2026-10-25

Crypto Licensing

Seychelles licensing activity under the Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024 continued to escalate through this period, with the Financial Services Authority recording a sequence of enforcement outcomes against both pre-existing and newly-assessed virtual-asset operators. The Act itself commenced on 1 September 2024 and carried a transitional provision requiring any pre-existing virtual-asset service provider to submit a complete licence or registration application by 31 December 2024; entities that failed to do so are, as a matter of the Act's own terms, in breach of its licensing requirement. The enforcement record through 2026 reads as the FSA progressively working through the population of operators caught by that transitional deadline.

No periodic updates recorded in this cycle

Sources and findings (9)
  1. T2FATF — Per FATF's 2025 Targeted Update table (R.15.4 licensing/registration column), Seychelles is assessed as 'In progress' on passing/enacting legislation to license or register VASPs, i.e. at most a tabled draft or consultation stage, not an enacted licensing statute, as of the most recent (2025) assessment cycle; FATF's next update is expected in 2026. retrieved M4 non-binding
  2. T4The Block — Incorporation under the International Business Companies Act 2016 (used by multiple global crypto exchanges to establish a Seychelles-domiciled entity) does not itself authorise or license virtual-asset exchange, broker, or custody activity; such entities operate, in the regulator's own characterisation and in industry accounts, as registered-but-unregulated for VASP-type activity absent a separate FSA licence. retrieved M4 binding in force
  3. T4CoinDesk — In March 2021 the Seychelles FSA issued a public investor alert stating that an IBC named Huobi Global Limited, believed affiliated with the Huobi Global exchange, was operating in Seychelles despite never having been licensed, evidencing the FSA's practice of treating unlicensed virtual-asset activity via mere IBC registration as an enforcement/warning matter rather than a licensed activity. retrieved M3 binding in force
  4. T1U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission — The US CFTC filed a 2023 civil enforcement action against Expected Value Plus Ltd, a Seychelles-incorporated company (d/b/a Trade2Get/Coinbull/Cryptobravos), for a fraudulent digital-assets trading scheme; this is a foreign (US) regulator's action against a Seychelles-domiciled entity and does not reflect a Seychelles FSA enforcement precedent or penalty provision. retrieved M2 non-binding
  5. T1Stratos Tech Limited (trading as Tradu) — withdrew its VASP Act 2024 licence application, 28 October 2026 retrieved
  6. T3Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024 — Any person carrying on virtual asset service business in or from Seychelles must hold an FSA licence; covers exchange, transfer, custody/administration and investment-provider activity relating to virtual assets. retrieved M5 binding in force
  7. T1Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024 — Operating without an FSA VASP licence is a criminal offence: individual fine up to SCR 2,250,000 or imprisonment up to 15 years or both; company fine up to SCR 5,250,000 per offence. M5 binding in force
  8. T1Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024 — Issuance of an ICO or NFT in or from Seychelles requires registration with the FSA, separate from the VASP services licence. M3 binding in force

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Seychelles has no comprehensive statutory taxonomy for crypto-assets. The only classification with a clear legal basis is for tokenised/digital securities, which fall within the existing securities-law perimeter (Securities Act 2007) when traded via MERJ Exchange/Upstream. Outside that perimeter (utility tokens, stablecoins, NFTs, asset-referenced tokens, e-money tokens), no dedicated classification statute was located; the only cross-cutting definition found is the AML/CFT Act 2020's broad 'property' definition (extended to cover virtual assets for AML purposes), which is an AML construct, not a market/token taxonomy, and is out of scope for this module per the AML/CFT subscription.

C2 · Token Classification — Full Module Record0 sub-modules · 180 words · 3 traced claims · Re-verified 2026-11-04

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The only on-chain activity with an identified statutory basis is tokenisation of securities via MERJ Dep./Upstream under the Securities Act 2007. No Seychelles-specific statute or FSA guidance was located for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, or validator activity; these remain unaddressed gaps pending any future VASP framework.

C3 · On-Chain Activity — Full Module Record0 sub-modules · 180 words · 1 traced claims · Re-verified 2026-11-04

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No Seychelles statute or FSA framework analogous to an asset-referenced-token/e-money-token regime (e.g. MiCA Title III/IV) was identified. No evidence of a domestic stablecoin issuance-authorisation, reserve, or redemption-right regime was found in the sources reviewed.

C4 · Stablecoins & EMTs — Full Module Record0 sub-modules · 180 words · 2 traced claims · Re-verified 2026-11-04

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No crypto-specific consumer-protection statute (marketing/promotions, custody segregation, market abuse, order handling/conflicts, suitability, or complaint-handling rules) was identified for virtual-asset activity in Seychelles. The FSA's demonstrated practice of issuing public investor alerts against unlicensed crypto entities (e.g. the 2021 Huobi-linked IBC alert) functions as an informal, supervisory-practice-level risk-warning mechanism rather than a codified disclosure rule. Custody/depository rules exist only for tokenised securities handled via MERJ Dep. under the Securities Act 2007, not for VASP-type custody generally.

Absence reason not determinableNo sub-brief exists and the JID records no gap or review marker explaining why. The renderer will not invent a reason.

No periodic updates recorded in this cycle

Sources and findings (5)
  1. T4CoinDesk — The Seychelles FSA's practice of publishing public investor alerts (e.g. the March 2021 alert naming a Huobi-linked IBC as unlicensed) operates as a supervisory expectation/warning mechanism rather than a statutory risk-disclosure obligation on crypto firms. retrieved M2 non-binding
  2. T1VASP custody applicant — A VASP custody applicant must document segregation of its assets from client assets, safeguarding of client ownership rights, and mitigation of commingling risk. M4 binding in force

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Seychelles operates a broadly territorial tax system. Company disclosures filed with the US SEC state that Seychelles-incorporated entities are generally not subject to Seychelles tax on income derived outside Seychelles and that no Seychelles dividend withholding tax applies to such entities; where Seychelles-sourced business profits do arise, illustrative filings report income tax at a rate of up to 25%. No Seychelles-specific statute, FSA guidance, or Revenue Commission guidance on the tax treatment of crypto-asset gains, crypto income, VAT/GST on crypto transactions, or crypto-specific reporting obligations was independently located; the territorial-system claims below derive from company tax-note disclosures rather than the underlying Seychelles Business Tax Act/Income Tax Act text itself.

C6 · Tax Treatment — Full Module Record0 sub-modules · 180 words · 2 traced claims · Re-verified 2026-11-04

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No crypto-specific cross-border transfer, passporting, or reverse-solicitation regime was identified for Seychelles. In practice, the International Business Companies Act 2016 is used by multiple global crypto exchanges (e.g. Bitget) to register a Seychelles entity serving customers worldwide without any crypto-specific outbound restriction, reporting threshold, or passporting mechanism being applied by the Seychelles FSA.

C7 · Cross-Border & Travel Rule — Full Module Record0 sub-modules · 180 words · 1 traced claims · Re-verified 2026-11-04

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Crypto subscribes to the shared financial-integrity module (FIM aml_ctf) for AML/CFT findings; no aml_cft_regime claims are produced in this baseline. For disambiguation only: Seychelles amended its AML/CFT Act 2020 (via Act 7 of 2021) to broaden its 'property'/'funds' definitions to cover virtual assets, and the Seychelles Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) is the AML/CFT supervisor of obliged entities; this context is carried here only to prevent miscitation, not as a substantive claim set.

C8 · AML/CFT Regime — Full Module Record0 sub-modules · 180 words · 4 traced claims · Re-verified 2026-11-04

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Provenance and declared absence

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Family taxonomy is renderer-level presentation config, not a JID field. Colour is always duplicated in text and is never the sole carrier of meaning.

Suppressed by doctrine: derived risk score; per-module RAG traffic light. Not shown on this page.

Band honesty: uncertainty bands are computed against a frozen build clock of 2026-11-04. A year-precision row is never promoted into a tighter band.

Orphan deltas: 0 cycle_delta row(s) target non-module objects and are listed in the rail rather than attached to a card.

Envelope: baseline resolved at jurisdiction_json.baseline; 8 module(s), 23 finding(s), 16 source(s) in the cumulative register.

Audit trail

Machine checkChallenged on 24 Oct 2026: nothing tested (no claim on this page was eligible for an automated test). An automated, adversarial test run by a second model; no person has assessed the result.

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