Cryptoassets Regulatory Intelligence · Cross-Jurisdiction Domain Hub
DeFi, staking & on-chain activity
Jurisdiction Readings (170 markets)
18 clear/open
100 conditional/active
52 restricted/elevated
| Jurisdiction | Region | Status | Regulatory Summary | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African bloc (AFR) | Africa | Amber | No continental instrument regulates on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Where oversight exists it is purely… | Profile →Brief |
| Alabama, USA (US-AL) | Americas | Amber | Alabama has no bespoke statute addressing staking, DeFi lending, mining, or node operation. The only Alabama-specific on-chain-activity determination identified is the ASC's 2023 show-cause action… | Profile →Brief |
| Alaska, USA (US-AK) | Americas | Amber | No Alaska-specific rules govern staking, mining, DeFi, node operation, or validator activity. In the absence of state legislation, the operative framework for Alaska-based participants is the federal… | Profile →Brief |
| Alberta, Canada (CA-AB) | Americas | Amber | Alberta-linked custody infrastructure (Tetra Trust, headquartered with Alberta ties) already supports staking-enabled ETH/SOL ETFs, but the broader Canadian regulatory treatment of staking, DeFi, and… | Profile →Brief |
| Algeria (DZ) | Africa | Red | No legal framework authorises or governs staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization in Algeria. Given the blanket 2018 prohibition on… | Profile →Brief |
| Antigua and Barbuda (AG) | Caribbean | Red | No AG-specific statutory treatment of staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization was located in this pass. DABA's general 'digital assets… | Profile →Brief |
| Argentina (AR) | Americas | Red | No dedicated Argentine legal regime addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization specifically. These activities are not separately… | Profile →Brief |
| Arizona, USA (US-AZ) | Americas | Green | Arizona has no dedicated licensing regime for staking, mining, node operation, or validator activity. A 2017-2018 Arizona legislative package sought to protect blockchain infrastructure activity from… | Profile →Brief |
| Arkansas, USA (US-AR) | Americas | Green | Arkansas is among a small group of U.S. states that have adopted legislation protective of cryptocurrency/blockchain mining operations (reported in 2023 industry coverage), and in January 2025 an… | Profile →Brief |
| Asia-Pacific bloc (APAC) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | On-chain activity treatment diverges sharply within APAC: China's reinforced prohibition extends to mining and tokenization activity, while Japan's low domestic yield environment has made… | Profile →Brief |
| Australia (AU) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | ASIC's INFO 225 distinguishes native proof-of-stake staking from 'staking-as-a-service' / managed staking arrangements, with the latter more likely to constitute a financial product, and the Reserve… | Profile →Brief |
| Austria (AT) | Europe | Amber | Austria does not operate a bespoke national on-chain-activity regime; staking and custody-adjacent services are authorised as ancillary CASP activities under the MiCA licence issued by the FMA (e.g.… | Profile →Brief |
| Bangladesh (BD) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | Bangladesh Bank has issued no activity-specific rule addressing staking, DeFi, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity or tokenisation. The general prohibition on dealing in and… | Profile →Brief |
| Belgium (BE) | Europe | Amber | MiCA's harmonised CASP licence perimeter (custody, exchange, execution, placing, portfolio management, advice, transfer services) governs intermediated crypto-asset services in Belgium, but does not… | Profile →Brief |
| Belize (BZ) | Americas | Red | No Belizean statute or regulator rulebook separately addresses on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation or tokenization. To the extent such… | Profile →Brief |
| Brazil (BR) | Americas | Amber | No dedicated Brazilian statute or resolution separately addresses staking, DeFi lending, mining, or validator node operation; Law 14,478/2022 enumerates only exchange, transfer, and… | Profile →Brief |
| British Columbia, Canada (CA-BC) | Americas | Amber | British Columbia has moved to restrict one on-chain activity directly — proof-of-work mining — by banning new grid connections for crypto mining, framed as electricity-supply protection rather than… | Profile →Brief |
| Bulgaria (BG) | Europe | Amber | Neither MiCA nor Bulgaria's national implementing legislation establishes a dedicated licensing or prudential regime for on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or… | Profile →Brief |
| Cambodia (KH) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | No dedicated Cambodian legal or regulatory treatment of staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or asset tokenization was identified in this research pass.… | Profile →Brief |
| Cameroon (CM) | Africa | Red | No Cameroonian or CEMAC regulatory text addressing on-chain activities (staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or tokenization) was located. This module has no… | Profile →Brief |
| Canada (CA) | Americas | Amber | Staking is permitted within regulated custody/ETF wrappers (Tetra Trust custodies Canada's first staking-enabled ether and solana ETFs), but broader on-chain activities -- DeFi lending/access… | Profile →Brief |
| Canada — Kahnawake (CA-KAH) | Americas | Red | No dedicated Kahnawake or federal Canadian regulatory regime specific to staking, DeFi lending, DEXs, mining, node operation, or validator activity was identified in this research pass. The one… | Profile →Brief |
| Canada — Tobique First Nation (CA-TFN) | Americas | Amber | No federal or New Brunswick statute specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node/validator operation, or tokenization as such; these would be assessed indirectly under the… | Profile →Brief |
| Chile (CL) | Americas | Amber | No Chile-specific regulatory treatment of on-chain activities (staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node/validator operation, tokenization) was located in this research pass. Absence of… | Profile →Brief |
| China (CN) | Asia-Pacific | Red | Onshore mining, trading, and exchange-type on-chain activity are prohibited. The September 2021 NDRC notice ordered a phase-out of mining as an 'outdated industry' (no new projects, wind-down of… | Profile →Brief |
| Colombia (CO) | Americas | Amber | No Colombian regulator has issued specific rules governing staking, DeFi lending, decentralized exchange operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization activities. The only general… | Profile →Brief |
| Colorado, USA (US-CO) | Americas | Amber | No Colorado-specific statute or regulation addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node/validator operation, or tokenization was identified in this research pass. These activities in… | Profile →Brief |
| Comoros (KM) | Africa | Red | No Comorian instrument addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation or tokenization. These activities fall outside the current BCC supervisory perimeter, which… | Profile →Brief |
| Comoros — Anjouan (KM-A) | Africa | Red | No regulation of staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node/validator operation, or tokenization activity has been identified in Comoros law. The absence of any reported VASP activity in the… | Profile →Brief |
| Comoros — Mohéli (KM-M) | Africa | Red | No regulation of on-chain activities (staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or tokenization) has been identified for the Union of the Comoros or Mohéli. | Profile →Brief |
| Connecticut, USA (US-CT) | Americas | Amber | Connecticut has no state-specific regime governing on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, validation or tokenization. To the extent such activities involve money… | Profile →Brief |
| Costa Rica (CR) | Americas | Red | No Costa Rican law or regulation specifically addresses on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization. Such activities fall… | Profile →Brief |
| Croatia (HR) | Europe | Red | No dedicated Croatian or Croatia-specific EU implementing instrument distinctly regulating staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation or validator activity as separate licensed… | Profile →Brief |
| Curaçao (CW) | Caribbean | Red | No CIMA guidance or Cayman statutory text specific to staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization was located in this research pass. VASPA's… | Profile →Brief |
| Cyprus (CY) | Europe | Amber | MiCA as applied in Cyprus does not create a bespoke licensing category for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, or node/validator operation; these remain either unregulated or captured only… | Profile →Brief |
| Czech Republic (CZ) | Europe | Amber | Beyond MiCA custody/portfolio-management provisions applicable to CASPs, the Czech Republic has no bespoke national regime for staking, DeFi lending, mining, or node/validator operation. The clearest… | Profile →Brief |
| Delaware, USA (US-DE) | Americas | Amber | Delaware has no dedicated statute addressing on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation/validation, or tokenization. Absent state-specific carve-outs… | Profile →Brief |
| Denmark (DK) | Europe | Amber | Denmark has no bespoke national statute separately licensing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or tokenization as distinct on-chain activity categories. Such… | Profile →Brief |
| District of Columbia, USA (US-DC) | Americas | Amber | DC has no state-level regime addressing staking, mining, DeFi lending, node operation or validator activity. The only relevant framework touching these activities is the March 2026 federal SEC/CFTC… | Profile →Brief |
| Dominican Republic (DO) | Americas | Red | No Dominican regulator has issued rules specific to on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or tokenization. These activities remain… | Profile →Brief |
| Ecuador (EC) | Americas | Amber | MiCA does not create a bespoke licensing regime for DeFi protocols, staking-as-a-service, or crypto lending/borrowing that operate without an issuer or CASP. EBA and ESMA's Article 142 MiCAR joint… | Profile →Brief |
| Egypt (EG) | Africa | Red | No CBE or FRA guidance specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization. However, the 2020 banking law's prohibition extends to 'the… | Profile →Brief |
| Estonia (EE) | Europe | Amber | MiCA's CASP authorisation regime (directly applicable in Estonia) does not create bespoke licensing categories for staking, DeFi, mining, or validator/node operation as such; these activities sit… | Profile →Brief |
| European Economic Area (EEA) | Europe | Amber | MiCA does not create a bespoke authorisation or licensing regime for underlying on-chain activities such as DeFi protocols, staking, mining or node/validator operation as such; it regulates issuers… | Profile →Brief |
| Finland (FI) | Europe | Amber | Finland has no bespoke national licensing regime for on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, or tokenization outside of MiCA's CASP service… | Profile →Brief |
| Florida, USA (US-FL) | Americas | Amber | Florida has not enacted binding statutes specifically governing staking, DeFi lending, mining, or validator/node operation. OFR's engagement has been limited to a 2022 consumer warning on DeFi; no… | Profile →Brief |
| France (FR) | Europe | Amber | France has no French-specific bespoke statute for staking, DeFi lending, mining or node operation; these activities are addressed indirectly through the MiCA CASP perimeter (where a custodial… | Profile →Brief |
| Georgia, USA (US-GA) | Americas | Green | Georgia has no state-specific licensing or regulatory framework addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node/validator operation, or tokenization. Bitcoin mining has a substantial commercial… | Profile →Brief |
| Germany (DE) | Europe | Amber | Germany permits regulated staking and custody activity through BaFin-licensed entities under the KWG crypto custody regime and, since December 2024, under MiCA's CASP ancillary-services framework.… | Profile →Brief |
| Ghana (GH) | Africa | Amber | Act 1154 licenses 'Asset Tokenization Services' as a distinct VASP activity category, and the Bank of Ghana has flagged 2026 plans for 'targeted exploration' of asset-backed digital settlement… | Profile →Brief |
| Gibraltar (GI) | Europe | Confirmed | Gibraltar has no separate statutory licensing category dedicated solely to staking, DeFi lending, or decentralized exchange (DEX) protocols; instead, on-chain activities are assessed functionally… | Profile →Brief |
| Greece (GR) | Europe | Amber | MiCAR does not create a bespoke licensing category for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation or standalone validation; these activities are regulated only insofar as they are… | Profile →Brief |
| Guernsey (GG) | Europe | Red | No Guernsey-specific statutory or GFSC rulebook provisions were located that separately regulate staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as… | Profile →Brief |
| Guernsey — Alderney (GG-ALD) | Europe | Red | No Guernsey/Alderney-specific rules governing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization were identified in this research pass. Any such… | Profile →Brief |
| Hawaii, USA (US-HI) | Americas | Green | No Hawaii statute or DFI rule specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. The general Money Transmitters Act may reach… | Profile →Brief |
| Hong Kong (HK) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | The SFC permits staking by licensed VATPs and SFC-authorized virtual asset funds under strict conditions (prior written approval, no outsourcing, risk disclosure) since April 2025. Margin financing… | Profile →Brief |
| Hungary (HU) | Europe | Amber | MiCA's CASP licensing regime (enforced in Hungary by MNB) covers custody, exchange, execution of orders, placing, portfolio management and transfer services, and MNB has adopted ESMA's… | Profile →Brief |
| Iceland (IS) | Europe | Amber | No Iceland-specific bespoke rules were located distinguishing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node/validator operation, or tokenization as separate regulatory categories. Coverage is… | Profile →Brief |
| Idaho, USA (US-ID) | Americas | Amber | On-chain activity (staking, node operation, DeFi lending, mining) is addressed primarily at the federal level, with recent OCC and SEC/CFTC interpretive actions loosening prior restrictions on bank… | Profile →Brief |
| Illinois, USA (US-IL) | Americas | Green | Illinois has not enacted state-specific statutes addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as distinct on-chain categories. DACPA's… | Profile →Brief |
| India (IN) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | India has no activity-specific licensing or registration regime for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity or tokenization. Such activities fall outside any… | Profile →Brief |
| Indiana, USA (US-IN) | Americas | Green | Indiana's 2026 legislative package (new IC Article 5-36 and amendments to IC 36-1) is the first Indiana statutory framework to define and protect on-chain activities. It establishes definitions for… | Profile →Brief |
| Indonesia (ID) | Asia-Pacific | Red | On-chain activity regulation in Indonesia is limited and largely incidental to exchange-level licensing. Some OJK/Bappebti-supervised exchanges offer staking and futures products under their existing… | Profile →Brief |
| Iowa, USA (US-IA) | Americas | Amber | Iowa has no bespoke statute governing on-chain activities such as mining, staking, or validation. Commercial proof-of-work mining operations are physically present in Iowa (e.g., merged-mining… | Profile →Brief |
| Ireland (IE) | Europe | Amber | MiCA does not create a bespoke on-chain activity licensing regime for staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validating as such; these fall inside scope only where they constitute a listed… | Profile →Brief |
| Isle of Man (IM) | Europe | Red | No Isle of Man statute separately licenses staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. The broad statutory scope of the Designated Businesses regime (covering… | Profile →Brief |
| Italy (IT) | Europe | Amber | No bespoke Italian legal regime specifically addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation or validation was identified beyond MiCA's CASP service-category coverage… | Profile →Brief |
| Ivory Coast (CI) | Africa | Red | No regulatory treatment of staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity or tokenization has been identified for Côte d'Ivoire. This module is a full research gap… | Profile →Brief |
| Japan (JP) | Asia-Pacific | Red | Japan's current statutory framework targets centralized crypto-asset exchange service providers; activities such as DeFi/DEX trading via non-custodial wallets, staking/validation, and mining are not… | Profile →Brief |
| Jersey (JE) | Europe | Amber | No sector-specific Jersey statute or JFSC rulebook chapter was identified for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or tokenization activity distinct from the… | Profile →Brief |
| Kansas, USA (US-KS) | Americas | Amber | No Kansas-specific regulation of mining, staking, node operation, validator activity, DeFi/dex participation or tokenization was identified. Activity in this space is governed exclusively by evolving… | Profile →Brief |
| Kazakhstan (KZ) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | Mining is by far the most heavily regulated on-chain activity in Kazakhstan given the country's historical role as a major Bitcoin hash-rate hub. Miners are licensed, taxed on a sliding per-kWh… | Profile →Brief |
| Kentucky, USA (US-KY) | Americas | Green | Kentucky is one of the more permissive US states for on-chain infrastructure activity: HB 701 (2025) statutorily exempts node operation and staking from money-transmitter licensing and bars local… | Profile →Brief |
| Kenya (KE) | Africa | Red | No sector-specific operating rules for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node/validator activity, or discrete tokenization mechanics have been identified in the VASP Act 2025 or the draft… | Profile →Brief |
| Laos (LA) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | Mining is the only on-chain activity explicitly addressed by the pilot framework; staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation, validator activity and tokenization are not addressed by any… | Profile →Brief |
| Latin America bloc (LATAM) | Americas | Red | Neither GAFILAT nor CEMLA publishes a regional framework specifically addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Coverage of these… | Profile →Brief |
| Latvia (LV) | Europe | Amber | MiCA, as applied by Latvijas Banka, does not create a bespoke licensing category for staking, DeFi, mining, node operation, or validator activity. Staking is treated as ancillary to the… | Profile →Brief |
| Liechtenstein (LI) | Europe | Amber | Institutional on-chain activity — staking, custody, and validation/node infrastructure — is operative in Liechtenstein through FMA-licensed entities (e.g. Bitcoin Suisse Europe AG) and public-private… | Profile →Brief |
| Lithuania (LT) | Europe | Amber | MiCA does not directly regulate crypto-asset lending/borrowing, staking-as-a-service, or fully decentralised on-chain activity absent an identifiable intermediary; <cite index="8-1,8-3">MiCA does not… | Profile →Brief |
| Louisiana, USA (US-LA) | Americas | Amber | Louisiana has not been confirmed to maintain a dedicated statutory framework specifically addressing on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or… | Profile →Brief |
| Luxembourg (LU) | Europe | Amber | Luxembourg has a dedicated statutory framework ('Blockchain Law IV') recognising distributed-ledger-technology issuance, registration, and transfer of dematerialised securities via a 'Control Agent'… | Profile →Brief |
| Macau SAR, China (MO) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No AMCM instrument addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Macau's economy and regulatory attention remain concentrated on… | Profile →Brief |
| Maine, USA (US-ME) | Americas | Amber | Maine has no state-specific statute addressing mining, staking, DeFi lending, node operation, or validator activity. The only applicable interpretive framework is federal FinCEN BSA/MSB guidance… | Profile →Brief |
| Malaysia (MY) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | Malaysia's on-chain activity oversight is concentrated on fundraising/tokenisation via SC-registered Initial Exchange Offering (IEO) platforms. No SC or BNM instrument located during this research… | Profile →Brief |
| Malta (MT) | Europe | Amber | Malta has no bespoke, finalised on-chain-activity licensing regime for staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation or validation distinct from MiCA's CASP perimeter. MFSA's June 2026 discussion… | Profile →Brief |
| Marshall Islands (MH) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No Marshall Islands statute or regulator guidance addresses staking, DeFi lending, mining, validator operation, node operation, or tokenization as distinct regulated activities. The DAO Act supplies… | Profile →Brief |
| Maryland, USA (US-MD) | Americas | Amber | Maryland has not legislated specifically on staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Any relevant guidance in this space (e.g., SEC staff… | Profile →Brief |
| Massachusetts, USA (US-MA) | Americas | Amber | No Massachusetts-specific licensing, registration, or prohibition regime targeting on-chain activities (staking, DeFi lending, mining, node/validator operation, tokenization) has been identified.… | Profile →Brief |
| Mexico (MX) | Americas | Red | No Mexican statute or regulator guidance was identified that specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as distinct… | Profile →Brief |
| Michigan, USA (US-MI) | Americas | Green | Michigan has no enacted state statute specifically regulating staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node/validator operation, or tokenization. A pending bill package (HB 4512/HB 4513) would create a… | Profile →Brief |
| Minnesota, USA (US-MN) | Americas | Green | No Minnesota-specific statute or regulation addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization was identified. Such activities are only indirectly… | Profile →Brief |
| Mississippi, USA (US-MS) | Americas | Amber | Mississippi has no state-specific statutory regime governing mining, staking, DeFi, node/validator operation, or tokenization. A prior legislative attempt to enact bitcoin/crypto-mining protections… | Profile →Brief |
| Missouri, USA (US-MO) | Americas | Red | Missouri has no bespoke statute addressing crypto mining, staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation, validator activity or tokenization. A 2023 legislative effort to grant statutory… | Profile →Brief |
| Montana, USA (US-MT) | Americas | Green | Montana SB 178 (2023), a 'right to mine' law, protects cryptocurrency mining activity from certain local restrictions, including zoning ordinances that had targeted mining operations at the county… | Profile →Brief |
| Morocco (MA) | Africa | Red | No in-force rules address staking, mining, DeFi, DEX, node operation, validation or tokenization in Morocco. Draft Law 42.25 (pending) expressly excludes crypto mining and leaves DeFi/other digital… | Profile →Brief |
| Mozambique (MZ) | Africa | Red | No Mozambican law or Bank of Mozambique regulation specifically addresses on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, or tokenization. This… | Profile →Brief |
| Myanmar (MM) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No CBM framework addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX activity, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. The only documented on-chain activity connected to Myanmar is run by the… | Profile →Brief |
| Nebraska, USA (US-NE) | Americas | Amber | Nebraska has no statute specifically addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. To the extent such activity involves custodial… | Profile →Brief |
| Nepal (NP) | Asia-Pacific | Red | Cryptocurrency mining is explicitly captured within NRB's blanket ban alongside trading and holding. Nepal has no separate legal treatment for staking, DeFi lending, DEX usage, node operation… | Profile →Brief |
| Netherlands (NL) | Europe | Amber | MiCA does not comprehensively regulate staking, DeFi lending, mining, or node/validator operation. The AFM's own leadership has publicly flagged crypto lending as outside MiCA's scope, and EBA/ESMA… | Profile →Brief |
| Nevada, USA (US-NV) | Americas | Green | Nevada's 2017 blockchain statutes (enacted via S.B. 398, codified in NRS Chapter 719) and 2019 amendments (S.B. 162, S.B. 163) establish legal recognition for smart contracts, blockchain records and… | Profile →Brief |
| New Brunswick, Canada (CA-NB) | Americas | Amber | New Brunswick has no bespoke on-chain-activity regime for staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validator activity. The only concrete national-level touchpoints are (i) CSA guidance… | Profile →Brief |
| New Hampshire, USA (US-NH) | Americas | Green | No New Hampshire-specific statute or regulation addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization was identified. New Hampshire's… | Profile →Brief |
| New Jersey, USA (US-NJ) | Americas | Red | The only on-chain activity with a documented, distinct New Jersey regulatory position is protocol/exchange staking, where the NJ Bureau of Securities brought an enforcement action against Coinbase's… | Profile →Brief |
| New Mexico, USA (US-NM) | Americas | Amber | New Mexico has no state-specific regulatory regime addressing on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validation. The only applicable interpretive framework is… | Profile →Brief |
| New Zealand (NZ) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | No New Zealand legislation or regulator guidance specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as distinct regulated… | Profile →Brief |
| Nigeria (NG) | Africa | Red | No Nigerian regulator has issued dedicated rules for staking, DeFi/DEX activity, mining, node operation or validator activity. SEC Nigeria's still-draft Rules extend applicability to 'tokenisation… | Profile →Brief |
| North Carolina, USA (US-NC) | Americas | Amber | North Carolina addresses on-chain activity only indirectly, through NCCOB licensing-exemption guidance covering mining and non-custodial wallet/multi-signature software. No NC statute or guidance was… | Profile →Brief |
| North Dakota, USA (US-ND) | Americas | Amber | North Dakota has no state-specific statute governing staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validator activity. The Bank of North Dakota — the only state-owned bank in the U.S. — is… | Profile →Brief |
| Norway (NO) | Europe | Amber | Norway has no dedicated national licensing category for staking-as-a-service, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, or validator activity. These activities are only indirectly touched… | Profile →Brief |
| Ohio, USA (US-OH) | Americas | Amber | Ohio has no in-force statutory framework specific to staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation, or validator activity. The pending Ohio Blockchain Basics Act (HB 116), passed by the Ohio… | Profile →Brief |
| Oklahoma, USA (US-OK) | Americas | Green | Oklahoma's HB 3594 (2024) is the operative state-level instrument governing on-chain activity, expressly legalizing crypto mining and shielding node operators/validators from MTL licensure and… | Profile →Brief |
| Ontario, Canada (CA-ON) | Americas | Amber | Staking is permitted for registered platforms and has been extended to regulated investment vehicles — e.g., 3iQ's proposed Solana Staking ETF using Sol Strategies as staking provider, filed with the… | Profile →Brief |
| Oregon, USA (US-OR) | Americas | Amber | Oregon has not enacted state-specific statutes governing staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, tokenization, or validator activity. The only Oregon-relevant activity in this space is… | Profile →Brief |
| Pakistan (PK) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | Pakistan has publicly announced plans for state-asset tokenization, expanded Bitcoin mining allocation, and a national stablecoin/CBDC pilot, but no dedicated statutory regime for staking, DeFi… | Profile →Brief |
| Palau (PW) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No Palau statute or FIC/FIU guidance addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity or tokenization by private parties. The only identified on-chain… | Profile →Brief |
| Panama (PA) | Americas | Amber | No Panamanian statute, regulation, or published regulator guidance specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. These… | Profile →Brief |
| Pennsylvania, USA (US-PA) | Americas | Green | Pennsylvania has no bespoke licensing or permitting regime specific to staking, DeFi/DEX activity, node operation, validation, or tokenization. The only on-chain activity to draw dedicated… | Profile →Brief |
| Peru (PE) | Americas | Red | No Peruvian statute or regulation specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, decentralized-exchange activity, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenisation. General civil and tax law… | Profile →Brief |
| Philippines (PH) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No Philippine primary-source regulation specifically addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as discrete on-chain activities was… | Profile →Brief |
| Poland (PL) | Europe | Red | Neither MiCA nor Polish national law imposes an activity-specific licensing regime for staking, DeFi/DEX operation, mining, or node/validator activity; MiCA's scope is limited to crypto-asset… | Profile →Brief |
| Portugal (PT) | Europe | Amber | Portugal has not enacted bespoke domestic rules for staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, validator services, or tokenization beyond MiCA's general CASP licensing perimeter. MiCA itself does… | Profile →Brief |
| Qatar (QA) | Middle East | Amber | The QCB prohibition explicitly extends to virtual-asset mining outside the QFC. Within the QFC, the Digital Assets Framework legally recognises tokenization and property rights in tokens, but no… | Profile →Brief |
| Quebec, Canada (CA-QC) | Americas | Red | On-chain activity-specific rulemaking (staking, DeFi, node operation) remains largely undeveloped nationally and in Quebec specifically. The clearest concrete development is CIRO-regulated custodians… | Profile →Brief |
| Rhode Island, USA (US-RI) | Americas | Amber | Rhode Island has not enacted any statute or regulation specifically addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation, or tokenization. These activities are not… | Profile →Brief |
| Romania (RO) | Europe | Amber | No Romania-specific legislation dedicated to staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization has been identified. These activities are addressed only… | Profile →Brief |
| Russia (RU) | Europe | Amber | Mining is the dominant on-chain activity subject to explicit Russian regulation: legalized nationwide from 1 November 2024 with registration and reporting duties, but subject to a patchwork of… | Profile →Brief |
| Rwanda (RW) | Africa | Amber | The law directly addresses tokenisation of real-world assets and prohibits mining operations absent CMA approval; it is silent in publicly available secondary reporting on staking, DeFi lending, DEX… | Profile →Brief |
| Saudi Arabia (SA) | Middle East | Amber | SAMA's Innovation Hub has run controlled experiments involving blockchain-based tokenized commercial bank money and collateral pledging automation, and the CMA-SAMA droppRWA partnership is testing… | Profile →Brief |
| Senegal (SN) | Africa | Red | No BCEAO or Senegalese national regulation addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX activity, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. This remains an unregulated gap pending the… | Profile →Brief |
| Serbia (RS) | Europe | Amber | The Law on Digital Assets regulates digital-token issuance and secondary trading (a form of tokenization) and expressly excludes mining from its licensing scope. No statutory provisions addressing… | Profile →Brief |
| Seychelles (SC) | Africa | Red | The only on-chain activity with an identified statutory basis is tokenisation of securities via MERJ Dep./Upstream under the Securities Act 2007. No Seychelles-specific statute or FSA guidance was… | Profile →Brief |
| Singapore (SG) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | MAS restricts DPT service providers from facilitating retail staking and lending of customers' DPTs (institutional/accredited investors excepted), implemented in phases from mid-2024 as part of the… | Profile →Brief |
| Slovakia (SK) | Europe | Amber | No Slovakia-specific licensing regime for staking, mining, node operation, or validator activity was identified beyond the general MiCA CASP service perimeter (Article 3 MiCA), which only captures… | Profile →Brief |
| Slovenia (SI) | Europe | Amber | MiCA does not establish a bespoke national Slovenian licensing regime for staking, DeFi, mining, node operation, or validator activity as distinct on-chain activities; these are addressed only… | Profile →Brief |
| South Africa (ZA) | Africa | Red | There is no dedicated statutory licensing regime for on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation or validator activity in South Africa. Mining and node operation are expressly… | Profile →Brief |
| South Carolina, USA (US-SC) | Americas | Green | S.163 (2026) introduces South Carolina's first statutory definitions for blockchain, digital assets, crypto mining, staking, wallets, and nodes, and specifically exempts mining and node operation… | Profile →Brief |
| South Dakota, USA (US-SD) | Americas | Amber | South Dakota has not enacted activity-specific statutes addressing staking, DeFi lending, decentralized exchange operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. These… | Profile →Brief |
| South Korea (KR) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | The FSC, with the Digital Asset Exchange Alliance (DAXA) as the industry self-regulatory body, issued a guideline in September 2025 capping crypto lending interest at 20% and banning leveraged… | Profile →Brief |
| Spain (ES) | Europe | Amber | Spain has no bespoke national licensing regime for staking, DeFi lending, mining, node/validator operation, DEX operation, or tokenization distinct from the general MiCA CASP framework. EU… | Profile →Brief |
| Sri Lanka (LK) | Asia-Pacific | Red | CBSL notices reference mining and ICO activity only to state that no such operations have been authorised; there is no specific regulatory treatment for staking, DeFi lending, DEX activity, node… | Profile →Brief |
| Sweden (SE) | Europe | Amber | Sweden has no bespoke national licensing regime for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation, validator activity or tokenization beyond the general MiCA CASP perimeter administered by FI.… | Profile →Brief |
| Switzerland (CH) | Europe | Amber | Switzerland's clearest on-chain-activity intervention is the 2021 DLT Act's creation of 'ledger-based securities', giving legal certainty to ownership transfers recorded on a distributed ledger.… | Profile →Brief |
| Taiwan (TW) | Asia-Pacific | Amber | The Act's seven statutory VASP categories include a lending-service provider (借貸商), giving Taiwan an explicit regulatory hook for DeFi-adjacent lending activity once the Act takes effect. Staking… | Profile →Brief |
| Tanzania (TZ) | Africa | Red | No BOT or CMSA instrument specifically addresses on-chain activities such as mining, staking, validating, DeFi lending, DEX trading, node operation or tokenization. Tokenisation of traditional… | Profile →Brief |
| Tennessee, USA (US-TN) | Americas | Green | No Tennessee-specific statute or regulation governing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization has been identified. The one Tennessee nexus in… | Profile →Brief |
| Texas, USA (US-TX) | Americas | Amber | Texas has no comprehensive on-chain activity statute; regulation is activity-specific. Bitcoin mining/node operation is governed primarily through energy-grid interconnection and large-load… | Profile →Brief |
| Thailand (TH) | Asia-Pacific | Red | The SEC has taken a restrictive stance toward yield-bearing and decentralised on-chain activity: staking and lending services offered by licensed crypto firms were banned in 2022, and DeFi activity… | Profile →Brief |
| Trinidad and Tobago (TT) | Caribbean | Red | No TT statute, regulation or regulator guidance addressing on-chain activities (staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validating, tokenization) as distinct regulated… | Profile →Brief |
| Tunisia (TN) | Africa | Red | No BCT or other Tunisian supervisory instrument addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. These activities are neither licensed… | Profile →Brief |
| Turkey (TR) | Europe | Red | No Turkey-specific statutory treatment of staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization was located in the sources reviewed. The 2024/2026 CMB… | Profile →Brief |
| Uganda (UG) | Africa | Red | No Ugandan regulatory instrument was located addressing on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, decentralized exchanges, mining, node operation, validator operation, or tokenization. The… | Profile →Brief |
| Ukraine (UA) | Europe | Red | No dedicated regime governs on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validator activity in Ukraine. Both the non-operative 2022 law and the pending draft law No.… | Profile →Brief |
| United Arab Emirates (AE) | Middle East | Amber | VARA regulates staking and custody services as discrete licensable activities (segmenting retail, qualified and institutional users), and separately requires prior approval for Category 2 VA issuance… | Profile →Brief |
| United Kingdom (UK) | Europe | Amber | Arranging qualifying cryptoasset staking is created as a new regulated activity requiring FCA authorisation once the regime is in force. Validator/node-operator 'pure tech' exemptions are narrowly… | Profile →Brief |
| United States (US) | Americas | Amber | Federal regulators have moved to exclude protocol mining, protocol staking (including liquid staking) and airdrops from federal securities-law scope, while the CFTC is actively developing DeFi… | Profile →Brief |
| United States — California (US-CA) | Americas | Amber | On-chain activity in California is shaped by federal SEC guidance on protocol mining and protocol staking (clarifying when these activities fall outside investment-contract analysis) alongside DFPI's… | Profile →Brief |
| United States — New York (US-NY) | Americas | Amber | NYDFS has not issued a dedicated regulatory framework for staking, DeFi lending, DEX activity, or validator/node operation. Its September 2025 (and January 2023) custodial-structures guidance… | Profile →Brief |
| Uruguay (UY) | Americas | Amber | No BCU or other Uruguayan regulator publication was identified that specifically addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization as… | Profile →Brief |
| Utah, USA (US-UT) | Americas | Green | Utah is among the most permissive US states on on-chain activity by statute. H.B. 230 (2025), codified at Title 7 Chapter 29, protects the right to accept digital assets as payment, to self-custody… | Profile →Brief |
| Vanuatu (VU) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No Vanuatu statute or VFSC/VFIU guidance addresses staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenisation. None of these on-chain activities are mentioned… | Profile →Brief |
| Venezuela (VE) | Americas | Red | Digital mining is the only on-chain activity category with an identified specific regulatory treatment: SUNACRIP's Intendencia de Minería Digital plans, coordinates, promotes and executes digital… | Profile →Brief |
| Vermont, USA (US-VT) | Americas | Amber | Vermont has no bespoke statute or supervisory framework addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Historically, the state's… | Profile →Brief |
| Vietnam (VN) | Asia-Pacific | Red | No dedicated primary-source regulation addressing staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization specifically was located during this research pass.… | Profile →Brief |
| Virginia, USA (US-VA) | Americas | Amber | Virginia has not enacted activity-specific state rules for staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validator activity, or tokenization. Such activities are assessed, if at all… | Profile →Brief |
| Washington State, USA (US-WA) | Americas | Amber | Washington has no state-specific licensing or regulatory regime that separately addresses on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, node operation, validation, or… | Profile →Brief |
| West Virginia, USA (US-WV) | Americas | Amber | No West Virginia-specific statute addressing mining, staking, validator operation, DeFi, or tokenization activity has been identified in this pass. Several other states (e.g. Kentucky, South… | Profile →Brief |
| Wisconsin, USA (US-WI) | Americas | Green | Wisconsin has not enacted any state-specific licensing or regulatory regime for on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, mining, node operation, or validation. Federal characterization… | Profile →Brief |
| Wyoming, USA (US-WY) | Americas | Amber | Wyoming's most consequential on-chain-activity intervention is property-law, not licensing: the 2019 digital-asset property statute (amended effective July 1, 2021) classifies digital assets as… | Profile →Brief |
| Zambia (ZM) | Africa | Amber | No licensing, registration or conduct rules govern on-chain activities such as staking, DeFi lending, DEX operation, mining, node operation, validation or tokenization in Zambia. Separately, Zambian… | Profile →Brief |